linux - 在编译时链接与在运行时链接针对 std:: 库

Question

首先是问题：我需要一种无需在 /etc/ld.so.conf.d 中放置配置文件的方法，以允许客户端使用默认安装的 gcc 在 RHEL5.7 和 RHEL6.1 上针对我的 SDK 进行构建。在这种情况下，设置 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 不起作用。是否有任何其他方法可以让客户链接到我的 sdk，而无需向他们提供有关如何配置其系统的知识库文章？请阅读以下内容进行说明。

第二个场景：

我负责在 RHEL5 和 RHEL6 上构建运行时 SDK。我的 RHEL5.7 和我的 RHEL6.1 一样是标准的非注册安装。但是，在我的 RHEL6 机器上，我自己编译了 gcc：

[mehoggan@hoggant35002 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release; gcc --version
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga)
gcc (GCC) 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-51)
Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOS

--

[mehoggan@hogganz400 session2]$ cat /etc/redhat-release; gcc --version
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.1 (Santiago)
gcc (GCC) 4.5.2
Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE

--

我无法提供我试图链接的 .so 和 .a 文件。但是，我将尝试描述正在发生的事情。采用相同的源代码并针对我的 SDK 构建它并运行它。我得到以下结果：

RHEL 6 盒：

[mehoggan@hogganz400 session2]$ ls -l
total 1848
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan     189 Nov  3 13:02 main.cpp
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan     845 Nov  3 13:02 mainwindow.cpp
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan     288 Nov  3 13:02 mainwindow.h
-rwxrwxr-x 1 mehoggan mehoggan   25818 Nov  4 09:26 Session2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan     649 Nov  3 13:02 Session2.pro
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan 1847296 Nov  3 13:02 vc90.pdb
[mehoggan@hogganz400 session2]$ qmake
[mehoggan@hogganz400 session2]$ cat Session2.pro 
#-------------------------------------------------
#
# Project created by QtCreator 2011-10-21T09:32:55
#
#-------------------------------------------------

QT += core gui

TARGET = Session2
TEMPLATE = app


SOURCES += main.cpp\
        mainwindow.cpp

HEADERS  += mainwindow.h

#Modify the path accordingly
CONFIG += debug_and_release
INCLUDEPATH += "/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/include"
CONFIG(debug, debug|release) {
  LIBS += -L"/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin" \
          -lArcGISQtd
} else {
  LIBS += -L"/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin" \
          -lArcGISQt
}
[mehoggan@hogganz400 session2]$ make
make -f Makefile.Release
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/workshops/session2'
g++ -c -m64 -pipe -O2 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/mkspecs/default -I. -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtCore -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtGui -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include -I../../include -Irelease -o release/main.o main.cpp
g++ -c -m64 -pipe -O2 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/mkspecs/default -I. -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtCore -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtGui -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include -I../../include -Irelease -o release/mainwindow.o mainwindow.cpp
/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/bin/moc -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/mkspecs/default -I. -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtCore -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtGui -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include -I../../include -Irelease mainwindow.h -o release/moc_mainwindow.cpp
g++ -c -m64 -pipe -O2 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/mkspecs/default -I. -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtCore -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtGui -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include -I../../include -Irelease -o release/moc_mainwindow.o release/moc_mainwindow.cpp
g++ -m64 -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-rpath,/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/lib -o Session2 release/main.o release/mainwindow.o release/moc_mainwindow.o    -L/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/lib -L/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin -lArcGISQt -lQtGui -lQtCore -lpthread 
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/workshops/session2'
[mehoggan@hogganz400 session2]$ echo ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} 
/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/ArcGISRuntime10.1/LocalServerLx/bin/wine/lib64:/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/ArcGISRuntime10.1/LocalServerLx/bin/wine/lib64/wine:/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/ArcGISRuntime10.1/LocalServerLx/bin/wine/lib64/wine/supp:/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/ArcGISRuntime10.1/LocalServerLx/bin/wine/lib64:/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/ArcGISRuntime10.1/LocalServerLx/bin/wine/lib64/wine:/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/ArcGISRuntime10.1/LocalServerLx/bin/wine/lib64/wine/supp:
[mehoggan@hogganz400 session2]$ ./Session2 
./Session2: /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.14' not found (required by /home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin/libArcGISQt.so.1)

如果我运行以下命令：export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}; ./Session2或在 /etc/ld.so.conf.d 中设置 libstdc++ 编译版本的路径，则应用程序运行。

RHEL5 盒子：

[mehoggan@hoggant35002 session2]$ ls -l
total 1852
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan     189 Nov  3 15:21 main.cpp
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan     845 Nov  3 15:21 mainwindow.cpp
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan     288 Nov  3 15:21 mainwindow.h
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan     649 Nov  3 15:21 Session2.pro
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan   25151 Nov  3 15:51 Session2.pro.user
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan 1847296 Nov  3 15:21 vc90.pdb
[mehoggan@hoggant35002 session2]$ qmake
[mehoggan@hoggant35002 session2]$ ls -l ./Session2.pro
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mehoggan mehoggan 649 Nov  3 15:21 ./Session2.pro
[mehoggan@hoggant35002 session2]$ cat ./Session2.pro
#-------------------------------------------------
#
# Project created by QtCreator 2011-10-21T09:32:55
#
#-------------------------------------------------

QT += core gui

TARGET = Session2
TEMPLATE = app


SOURCES += main.cpp\
        mainwindow.cpp

HEADERS  += mainwindow.h

#Modify the path accordingly
CONFIG += debug_and_release
INCLUDEPATH += "/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/include"
CONFIG(debug, debug|release) {
  LIBS += -L"/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin" \
          -lArcGISQtd
} else {
  LIBS += -L"/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin" \
          -lArcGISQt
}
[mehoggan@hoggant35002 session2]$ make
make -f Makefile.Release
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/workshops/session2'
g++ -c -m64 -pipe -O2 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/mkspecs/default -I. -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtCore -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtGui -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include -I../../include -Irelease -o release/main.o main.cpp
g++ -c -m64 -pipe -O2 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/mkspecs/default -I. -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtCore -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtGui -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include -I../../include -Irelease -o release/mainwindow.o mainwindow.cpp
/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/bin/moc -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/mkspecs/default -I. -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtCore -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtGui -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include -I../../include -Irelease mainwindow.h -o release/moc_mainwindow.cpp
g++ -c -m64 -pipe -O2 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/mkspecs/default -I. -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtCore -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include/QtGui -I/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/include -I../../include -Irelease -o release/moc_mainwindow.o release/moc_mainwindow.cpp
g++ -m64 -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-rpath,/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/lib -o Session2 release/main.o release/mainwindow.o release/moc_mainwindow.o    -L/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/lib -L/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin -lArcGISQt -lQtGui -lQtCore -lpthread
/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/lib/libQtGui.so: undefined reference to `FT_Library_SetLcdFilter'
/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin/libArcGISQt.so: undefined reference to `std::_List_node_base::_M_unhook()@GLIBCXX_3.4.14'
/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin/libArcGISQt.so: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::__ostream_insert<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.9'
/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin/libArcGISQt.so: undefined reference to `std::_List_node_base::_M_hook(std::_List_node_base*)@GLIBCXX_3.4.14'
/home/mehoggan/QtSDK/Desktop/Qt/474/gcc/lib/libQtGui.so: undefined reference to `FcFreeTypeQueryFace'
/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin/libArcGISQt.so: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::_M_insert<double>(double)@GLIBCXX_3.4.9'
/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/bin/libArcGISQt.so: undefined reference to `std::ctype<char>::_M_widen_init() const@GLIBCXX_3.4.11'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [Session2] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mehoggan/arcgis/runtime_sdk/qt10.1/SDK/workshops/session2'
make: *** [release] Error 2

这是一篇很长的帖子，我想我已经提供了足够的帮助来开始提供帮助。如果您需要任何具体的帮助，请告诉我。

关于我链接的 libstdc++ 的最后一点信息。

RHEL6:
[mehoggan@hogganz400 session2]$ strings /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIB
GLIBCXX_3.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.1
GLIBCXX_3.4.2
GLIBCXX_3.4.3
GLIBCXX_3.4.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.5
GLIBCXX_3.4.6
GLIBCXX_3.4.7
GLIBCXX_3.4.8
GLIBCXX_3.4.9
GLIBCXX_3.4.10
GLIBCXX_3.4.11
GLIBCXX_3.4.12
GLIBCXX_3.4.13
GLIBCXX_3.4.14
GLIBC_2.2.5
GLIBC_2.3
GLIBC_2.3.2
GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW
GLIBCXX_DEBUG_MESSAGE_LENGTH

RHEL5：

[mehoggan@hoggant35002 session2]$ strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBC
GLIBCXX_3.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.1
GLIBCXX_3.4.2
GLIBCXX_3.4.3
GLIBCXX_3.4.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.5
GLIBCXX_3.4.6
GLIBCXX_3.4.7
GLIBCXX_3.4.8
GLIBC_2.3
GLIBC_2.3.2
GLIBC_2.4
GLIBC_2.2.5
GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW

score 3 · Accepted Answer

看起来您的 Qt 库（libQtGui.so 和 libArcGISQt.so）依赖于 GLIBCXX_3.4.14，这在您的 RHEL 5 机器上不存在，可能在您在 RHEL 6 机器上构建和安装它（Qt）时。您需要在 RHEL 5 上构建 Qt，或者提供对 RHEL 5 机器上更新的 3.4.14 库的访问权限。任何想要运行您的二进制文件的人都需要访问构建它的共享库的正确版本。

为了“访问”库，它需要在相关机器上可读，并且位于在 ld.so.conf 中配置的位置，在运行应用程序的 LD_LIBRARY_PATH envvar 中，或配置为通过 -rpath 链接选项执行的可执行文件。

我发现对于避免/处理此问题非常有用的一个链接选项是-Wl,-rpath,'$ORIGIN'. 这将导致应用程序查找包含动态库的可执行文件的目录以及（并且优先于）ld.so.conf。所以你可以构建一个可执行文件并给人们一个包含可执行文件和一堆 .so 动态库的包，并告诉他们“要么在你的机器上安装 .so 文件，要么将它们全部放在与可执行文件相同的目录中，无论你喜欢哪个" 然后他们就可以毫不费力地运行可执行文件。这允许一个可以在几乎任何 linux 变体上使用的二进制包。

请注意，当您将此选项放在 Makefile 中时，通常需要-Wl,-rpath,'$$ORIGIN'将其$视为变量扩展（$$扩展为$）。qmake 可能是一样的。

linux - 在编译时链接与在运行时链接针对 std:: 库

1 回答 1

Related

Reference