我有一个 3x3 矩阵,我计算它的逆矩阵。只有当某些子表达式被新符号替换时,逆才能写得清晰,因为它们出现多次。我可以让 sympy 努力找到这些子表达式并替换它们吗?我尝试了以下方法,但没有成功:
from sympy import *
Ex, Ez, nuxy, nuxz = symbols('E_x E_z nu_xy nu_xz')
# compliance matrix for cross-anisotropic material
compl = Matrix([[1/Ex, -nuxy/Ex, -nuxz/Ez],
[-nuxy/Ex, 1/Ex, -nuxz/Ez],
[-nuxz/Ex, -nuxz/Ex, 1/Ez]])
# stiffness matrix
stiff = compl.inv()
# symbols I want to introduce
m, e = symbols('m e')
meSubs = {Ex/Ez: e, (1 - nuxy - 2*e*nuxz**2): m} # instead of these subexpressions
# stiff.simplify() returns None, is that a bug? that's why I apply simplify together with subs here:
stiff.applyfunc(lambda x: simplify(x.subs(meSubs)))
print stiff
使用 sympy 0.6.7(如果需要,我可以升级)。
编辑:
我升级到 0.7.1-git(准确地说是cf9c01f8f9b4b749a7f59891f546646e4b38e580),然后运行(感谢@PreludeAndFugue 的建议):
from sympy import *
Ex,Ez,nuxy,nuxz,m=symbols('E_x E_z nu_xy nu_xz m')
compl=Matrix([[1/Ex,-nuxy/Ex,-nuxz/Ez],[-nuxy/Ex,1/Ex,-nuxz/Ez],[-nuxz/Ex,-nuxz/Ex,1/Ez]])
stiff=compl.inv()
stiff.simplify()
stiff.subs({-nuxy-2*nuxz**2+1:m}) # tried other rearrangements of the equality, as well, same result.
stiff.applyfunc(lambda x: together(expand(x)))
pprint(stiff)
获得
⎡ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎤
⎢ Eₓ⋅⎝ν_xz - 1⎠ -Eₓ⋅⎝-ν_xy - ν_xz ⎠ Eₓ⋅ν_xz ⎥
⎢ ────────────────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────── ───────────────────⎥
⎢ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ⎥
⎢ ν_xy + 2⋅ν_xy⋅ν_xz + 2⋅ν_xz - 1 - ν_xy - 2⋅ν_xy⋅ν_xz - 2⋅ν_xz + 1 -ν_xy - 2⋅ν_xz + 1⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎥
⎢ -Eₓ⋅⎝-ν_xy - ν_xz ⎠ Eₓ⋅⎝ν_xz - 1⎠ Eₓ⋅ν_xz ⎥
⎢──────────────────────────────────── ────────────────────────────────── ───────────────────⎥
⎢ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ⎥
⎢- ν_xy - 2⋅ν_xy⋅ν_xz - 2⋅ν_xz + 1 ν_xy + 2⋅ν_xy⋅ν_xz + 2⋅ν_xz - 1 -ν_xy - 2⋅ν_xz + 1⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ E_z⋅ν_xz E_z⋅ν_xz E_z⋅(ν_xy - 1) ⎥
⎢ ─────────────────── ─────────────────── ────────────────── ⎥
⎢ 2 2 2 ⎥
⎣ -ν_xy - 2⋅ν_xz + 1 -ν_xy - 2⋅ν_xz + 1 ν_xy + 2⋅ν_xz - 1 ⎦
嗯,那为什么不把“-ν_xy - 2⋅ν_xz² + 1”换成m呢?