我正在尝试在 C# 中处理 WM_MOUSEMOVE 消息。
从 IntPtr 类型的 lParam 获取 X 和 Y 坐标的正确方法是什么?
尝试:(
请注意,这是初始版本,请阅读下面的最终版本)
IntPtr xy = value;
int x = unchecked((short)xy);
int y = unchecked((short)((uint)xy >> 16));
通常unchecked
不需要(因为未选中“默认” c# 项目)
考虑这些是使用的宏的定义:
#define LOWORD(l) ((WORD)(((DWORD_PTR)(l)) & 0xffff))
#define HIWORD(l) ((WORD)((((DWORD_PTR)(l)) >> 16) & 0xffff))
#define GET_X_LPARAM(lp) ((int)(short)LOWORD(lp))
#define GET_Y_LPARAM(lp) ((int)(short)HIWORD(lp))
哪里WORD == ushort
,DWORD == uint
。我正在削减一些 ushort->short 转换。
附录:
一年半后,经历了 64 位 .NET 的“变幻莫测”,我同意 Celess(但请注意,出于兼容性原因,99% 的 Windows 消息仍然是 32 位,所以我认为问题不大现在不是很大。更多的是为了未来,因为如果你想做某事,你应该正确地做。)
我唯一不同的是:
IntPtr xy = value;
int x = unchecked((short)(long)xy);
int y = unchecked((short)((long)xy >> 16));
我没有检查“是IntPtr
4 还是 8 字节长”,而是采用最坏的情况(8 字节长)并xy
转换为long
. 运气好的话,编译器会优化双重转换(tolong
然后到short
/to )(最后,显式转换为of是一个红鲱鱼......如果你使用它,你会让自己处于危险之中未来。您应该始终使用转换,然后直接使用它/将其重新转换为您需要的,向未来的程序员表明您知道自己在做什么。uint
int
IntPtr
long
测试示例: http: //ideone.com/a4oGW2(遗憾的是只有 32 位,但如果您有 64 位机器,您可以测试相同的代码)
适用于 32 位和 64 位:
Point GetPoint(IntPtr _xy)
{
uint xy = unchecked(IntPtr.Size == 8 ? (uint)_xy.ToInt64() : (uint)_xy.ToInt32());
int x = unchecked((short)xy);
int y = unchecked((short)(xy >> 16));
return new Point(x, y);
}
- 或者 -
int GetIntUnchecked(IntPtr value)
{
return IntPtr.Size == 8 ? unchecked((int)value.ToInt64()) : value.ToInt32();
}
int Low16(IntPtr value)
{
return unchecked((short)GetIntUnchecked(value));
}
int High16(IntPtr value)
{
return unchecked((short)(((uint)GetIntUnchecked(value)) >> 16));
}
这些也有效:
int Low16(IntPtr value)
{
return unchecked((short)(uint)value); // classic unchecked cast to uint
}
int High16(IntPtr value)
{
return unchecked((short)((uint)value >> 16));
}
- 或者 -
int Low16(IntPtr value)
{
return unchecked((short)(long)value); // presumption about internals
} // is what framework lib uses
int High16(IntPtr value)
{
return unchecked((short)((long)value >> 16));
}
走另一条路
public static IntPtr GetLParam(Point point)
{
return (IntPtr)((point.Y << 16) | (point.X & 0xffff));
} // mask ~= unchecked((int)(short)x)
- 或者 -
public static IntPtr MakeLParam(int low, int high)
{
return (IntPtr)((high << 16) | (low & 0xffff));
} // (IntPtr)x is same as 'new IntPtr(x)'
公认的答案是对 C 定义的良好翻译。如果直接处理原始的“void *”,那么大部分都可以。但是,在 .Net 64 位执行环境中使用“IntPtr”时,“未选中”不会阻止从 IntPtr 内部抛出转换溢出异常。未经检查的块不影响IntPtr 函数和运算符内部发生的转换。目前接受的答案表明不需要使用“未检查”。然而,使用 'unchecked'是绝对必要的,从较大的类型转换为负值时总是如此。
在 64 位上,从接受的答案:
var xy = new IntPtr(0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
int x = unchecked((short)xy); // <-- throws
int y = unchecked((short)((uint)xy >> 16)); // gets lucky, 'uint' implicit 'long'
y = unchecked((short)((int)xy >> 16)); // <-- throws
xy = new IntPtr(0x00000000FFFF0000); // 0, -1
x = unchecked((short)xy); // <-- throws
y = unchecked((short)((uint)xy >> 16)); // still lucky
y = (short)((uint)xy >> 16); // <-- throws (short), no longer lucky
在 64 位上,使用 DmitryG 的外推版本:
var ptr = new IntPtr(0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
var xy = IntPtr.Size == 8 ? (int)ptr.ToInt64() : ptr.ToInt32(); // <-- throws (int)
int x = unchecked((short)xy); // fine, if gets this far
int y = unchecked((short)((uint)xy >> 16)); // fine, if gets this far
y = unchecked((short)(xy >> 16)); // also fine, if gets this far
ptr = new IntPtr(0x00000000FFFF0000); // 0, -1
xy = IntPtr.Size == 8 ? (int)ptr.ToInt64() : ptr.ToInt32(); // <-- throws (int)
关于性能
return IntPtr.Size == 8 ? unchecked((int)value.ToInt64()) : value.ToInt32();
IntPtr.Size 属性返回一个常量作为编译时文字,如果在程序集中内联该常量。因此,JIT 几乎可以优化所有这些。还可以这样做:
return unchecked((int)value.ToInt64());
- 或者 -
return unchecked((int)(long)value);
- 或者 -
return unchecked((uint)value); // traditional
并且所有这 3 个都将始终调用 IntPtr.ToInt64() 的等效项。ToInt64() 和 'operator long' 也可以内联,但不太可能。32 位版本中的代码比 Size 常量多得多。我会提出,顶部的解决方案可能在语义上更正确。了解符号扩展伪影也很重要,它会在 (long)int_val 之类的东西上毫无顾忌地填充所有 64 位,尽管我在这里几乎掩盖了这一点,但可能还会影响 32 位的内联。
用途
if (Low16(wParam) == NativeMethods.WM_CREATE)) { }
var x = Low16(lParam);
var point = GetPoint(lParam);
下面显示了一个“安全”的 IntPtr 模型,供未来的旅行者使用。
运行此程序而不在 32 位上设置 WIN32 定义以获得 64 位 IntPtr 行为的可靠模拟。
public struct IntPtrMock
{
#if WIN32
int m_value;
#else
long m_value;
#endif
int IntPtr_ToInt32() {
#if WIN32
return (int)m_value;
#else
long l = m_value;
return checked((int)l);
#endif
}
public static explicit operator int(IntPtrMock value) { //(short) resolves here
#if WIN32
return (int)value.m_value;
#else
long l = value.m_value;
return checked((int)l); // throws here if any high 32 bits
#endif // check forces sign stay signed
}
public static explicit operator long(IntPtrMock value) { //(uint) resolves here
#if WIN32
return (long)(int)value.m_value;
#else
return (long)value.m_value;
#endif
}
public int ToInt32() {
#if WIN32
return (int)value.m_value;
#else
long l = m_value;
return checked((int)l); // throws here if any high 32 bits
#endif // check forces sign stay signed
}
public long ToInt64() {
#if WIN32
return (long)(int)m_value;
#else
return (long)m_value;
#endif
}
public IntPtrMock(long value) {
#if WIN32
m_value = checked((int)value);
#else
m_value = value;
#endif
}
}
public static IntPtr MAKELPARAM(int low, int high)
{
return (IntPtr)((high << 16) | (low & 0xffff));
}
public Main()
{
var xy = new IntPtrMock(0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF); // simulate 64-bit, overflow smaller
int x = unchecked((short)xy); // <-- throws
int y = unchecked((short)((uint)xy >> 16)); // got lucky, 'uint' implicit 'long'
y = unchecked((short)((int)xy >> 16)); // <-- throws
int xy2 = IntPtr.Size == 8 ? (int)xy.ToInt64() : xy.ToInt32(); // <-- throws
int xy3 = unchecked(IntPtr.Size == 8 ? (int)xy.ToInt64() : xy.ToInt32()); //ok
// proper 32-bit lParam, overflow signed
var xy4 = new IntPtrMock(0x00000000FFFFFFFF); // x = -1, y = -1
int x2 = unchecked((short)xy4); // <-- throws
int xy5 = IntPtr.Size == 8 ? (int)xy4.ToInt64() : xy4.ToInt32(); // <-- throws
var xy6 = new IntPtrMock(0x00000000FFFF0000); // x = 0, y = -1
int x3 = unchecked((short)xy6); // <-- throws
int xy7 = IntPtr.Size == 8 ? (int)xy6.ToInt64() : xy6.ToInt32(); // <-- throws
var xy8 = MAKELPARAM(-1, -1); // WinForms macro
int x4 = unchecked((short)xy8); // <-- throws
int xy9 = IntPtr.Size == 8 ? (int)xy8.ToInt64() : xy8.ToInt32(); // <-- throws
}
通常,对于低级鼠标处理,我使用了以下帮助程序(它还认为 IntPtr 大小取决于 x86/x64):
//...
Point point = WinAPIHelper.GetPoint(msg.LParam);
//...
static class WinAPIHelper {
public static Point GetPoint(IntPtr lParam) {
return new Point(GetInt(lParam));
}
public static MouseButtons GetButtons(IntPtr wParam) {
MouseButtons buttons = MouseButtons.None;
int btns = GetInt(wParam);
if((btns & MK_LBUTTON) != 0) buttons |= MouseButtons.Left;
if((btns & MK_RBUTTON) != 0) buttons |= MouseButtons.Right;
return buttons;
}
static int GetInt(IntPtr ptr) {
return IntPtr.Size == 8 ? unchecked((int)ptr.ToInt64()) : ptr.ToInt32();
}
const int MK_LBUTTON = 1;
const int MK_RBUTTON = 2;
}