如何在myconfig.conf
使用 BASH 的文件中写入多行?
#!/bin/bash
kernel="2.6.39";
distro="xyz";
echo <<< EOL
line 1, ${kernel}
line 2,
line 3, ${distro}
line 4
line ...
EOL >> /etc/myconfig.conf;
cat /etc/myconfig.conf;
语法 ( <<<
) 和使用的命令 ( echo
) 是错误的。
正确的是:
#!/bin/bash
kernel="2.6.39"
distro="xyz"
cat >/etc/myconfig.conf <<EOL
line 1, ${kernel}
line 2,
line 3, ${distro}
line 4 line
...
EOL
cat /etc/myconfig.conf
这种结构称为Here Document,可以在 Bash 手册页中找到man --pager='less -p "\s*Here Documents"' bash
。
#!/bin/bash
kernel="2.6.39";
distro="xyz";
cat > /etc/myconfig.conf << EOL
line 1, ${kernel}
line 2,
line 3, ${distro}
line 4
line ...
EOL
这就是你想要的。
如果您不想替换变量,则需要用单引号将 EOL 括起来。
cat >/tmp/myconfig.conf <<'EOL'
line 1, ${kernel}
line 2,
line 3, ${distro}
line 4 line
...
EOL
上一个例子:
$ cat /tmp/myconfig.conf
line 1, ${kernel}
line 2,
line 3, ${distro}
line 4 line
...
heredoc 解决方案当然是最常用的方法。其他常见的解决方案是:
echo 'line 1, '"${kernel}"'
line 2,
line 3, '"${distro}"'
line 4' > /etc/myconfig.conf
和
exec 3>&1 # Save current stdout
exec > /etc/myconfig.conf
echo line 1, ${kernel}
echo line 2,
echo line 3, ${distro}
...
exec 1>&3 # Restore stdout
和
printf "%s\n" "line1, ${kernel}" "line2," "line3, $distro" ...
下面的机制有助于将多行重定向到文件。保留完整的字符串,"
以便我们可以重定向变量的值。
#!/bin/bash
kernel="2.6.39"
echo "line 1, ${kernel}
line 2," > a.txt
echo 'line 2, ${kernel}
line 2,' > b.txt
的内容a.txt
是
line 1, 2.6.39
line 2,
的内容b.txt
是
line 2, ${kernel}
line 2,
我正在使用Mac OS并在SH 脚本中编写多行代码,以下代码对我有用
#! /bin/bash
FILE_NAME="SomeRandomFile"
touch $FILE_NAME
echo """I wrote all
the
stuff
here.
And to access a variable we can use
$FILE_NAME
""" >> $FILE_NAME
cat $FILE_NAME
请不要忘记根据需要将 chmod 分配给脚本文件。我用过
chmod u+x myScriptFile.sh
我通常将模板放在文件中并使用这个模板引擎:
### <template-file> [ARG=VALUE..]
## Variables are replaced only within "{{" and "}}" notation.
## Example:
## $0 path-to-tmpl REF=master pass=xx
## # The template may look like so:
## # $pass = ["user", "{{ $pass }}"];
## # Resulting in:
## # $pass = ["user", "xxx"];
##~
template() {
tmpl=$1
shift
for i in $@; do
declare $i;
done
eval "echo \"$(sed -e 's/"/\\"/g' -e 's/\$/\\$/g' -e 's/{{\s*\\\(\$\w*\)\s*}}/\1/g' $tmpl)\""
}
我认为另一种更简单的方式,但绝对适用于少量线路
touch myfile.txt
echo "line1">>myfile.txt
echo "line2">>myfile.txt
echo "line3">>myfile.txt
echo "line4">>myfile.txt