19

使用 Perl(不使用 wc)计算文本文件的字符数、单词数和行数的好/最佳方法是什么?

4

10 回答 10

25

这是perl代码。计算单词可能有点主观,但我只是说它是任何不是空格的字符串。

open(FILE, "<file.txt") or die "Could not open file: $!";

my ($lines, $words, $chars) = (0,0,0);

while (<FILE>) {
    $lines++;
    $chars += length($_);
    $words += scalar(split(/\s+/, $_));
}

print("lines=$lines words=$words chars=$chars\n");
于 2009-04-23T14:54:52.880 回答
7

可能会产生更好结果的 bmdhacks 答案的一个变体是使用 \s+(甚至更好的 \W+)作为分隔符。考虑字符串“The quick brown fox”(如果不明显,则添加空格)。使用单个空白字符的分隔符将给出六个而不是四个字数。所以,试试:

open(FILE, "<file.txt") or die "Could not open file: $!";

my ($lines, $words, $chars) = (0,0,0);

while (<FILE>) {
    $lines++;
    $chars += length($_);
    $words += scalar(split(/\W+/, $_));
}

print("lines=$lines words=$words chars=$chars\n");

使用 \W+ 作为分隔符将阻止标点符号(除其他外)计为单词。

于 2009-04-23T15:08:59.023 回答
4

字数统计工具统计文本文件中的字符、单词和行数

于 2009-04-23T14:50:48.833 回答
3

这里。试试这个 wc 程序的 Unicode 版本。

  • 它跳过非文件参数(管道、目录、套接字等)。

  • 它假定 UTF-8 文本。

  • 它将任何 Unicode 空白视为单词分隔符。

  • .ENCODING如果文件名末尾有 a,它也接受替代编码,例如foo.cp1252, foo.latin1,foo.utf16等。

  • 它还可以处理以各种格式压缩的文件。

  • 它给出了段落、行、单词、字素、字符字节的计数。

  • 它理解所有 Unicode 换行序列。

  • 它警告带有换行错误的损坏的文本文件。

下面是一个运行它的例子:

   Paras    Lines    Words   Graphs    Chars    Bytes File
       2     2270    82249   504169   504333   528663 /tmp/ap
       1     2404    11163    63164    63164    66336 /tmp/b3
    uwc: missing linebreak at end of corrupted textfiile /tmp/bad
      1*       2*        4       19       19       19 /tmp/bad
       1       14       52      273      273      293 /tmp/es
      57      383     1369    11997    11997    12001 /tmp/funny
       1   657068  3175429 31205970 31209138 32633834 /tmp/lw
       1        1        4       27       27       27 /tmp/nf.cp1252
       1        1        4       27       27       34 /tmp/nf.euc-jp
       1        1        4       27       27       27 /tmp/nf.latin1
       1        1        4       27       27       27 /tmp/nf.macroman
       1        1        4       27       27       54 /tmp/nf.ucs2
       1        1        4       27       27       56 /tmp/nf.utf16
       1        1        4       27       27       54 /tmp/nf.utf16be
       1        1        4       27       27       54 /tmp/nf.utf16le
       1        1        4       27       27      112 /tmp/nf.utf32
       1        1        4       27       27      108 /tmp/nf.utf32be
       1        1        4       27       27      108 /tmp/nf.utf32le
       1        1        4       27       27       39 /tmp/nf.utf7
       1        1        4       27       27       31 /tmp/nf.utf8
       1    26906   101528   635841   636026   661202 /tmp/o2
     131      346     1370     9590     9590     4486 /tmp/perl5122delta.pod.gz
     291      814     3941    25318    25318     9878 /tmp/perl51310delta.pod.bz2
       1     2551     5345   132655   132655   133178 /tmp/tailsort-pl.utf8
       1       89      334     1784     1784     2094 /tmp/til
       1        4       18       88       88      106 /tmp/w
     276     1736     5773    53782    53782    53804 /tmp/www

给你:

#!/usr/bin/env perl 
#########################################################################
# uniwc - improved version of wc that works correctly with Unicode
#
# Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>
# Mon Feb 28 15:59:01 MST 2011
#########################################################################

use 5.10.0;

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => "all";
use sigtrap qw[ die untrapped normal-signals ];

use Carp;

$SIG{__WARN__}  = sub {
    confess("FATALIZED WARNING: @_")  unless $^S;
};

$SIG{__DIE__}  = sub {
    confess("UNCAUGHT EXCEPTION: @_")  unless $^S;
};

$| = 1;

my $Errors = 0;
my $Headers = 0;

sub yuck($) {
    my $errmsg = $_[0];
    $errmsg =~ s/(?<=[^\n])\z/\n/;
    print STDERR "$0: $errmsg";
}

process_input(\&countem);

sub countem { 
    my ($_, $file) = @_;

    my (
        @paras, @lines, @words,
        $paracount, $linecount, $wordcount, 
        $grafcount, $charcount, $bytecount,
    );

    if ($charcount = length($_)) {
        $wordcount = eval { @words = split m{ \p{Space}+  }x }; 
        yuck "error splitting words: $@" if $@;

        $linecount = eval { @lines = split m{ \R     }x }; 
        yuck "error splitting lines: $@" if $@;

        $grafcount = 0;
        $grafcount++ while /\X/g;
        #$grafcount = eval { @lines = split m{ \R     }x }; 
        yuck "error splitting lines: $@" if $@;

        $paracount = eval { @paras = split m{ \R{2,} }x }; 
        yuck "error splitting paras: $@" if $@;

        if ($linecount && !/\R\z/) {
            yuck("missing linebreak at end of corrupted textfiile $file");
            $linecount .= "*";
            $paracount .= "*";
        } 
    }

    $bytecount = tell;
    if (-e $file) {
        $bytecount = -s $file;
        if ($bytecount != -s $file) {
            yuck "filesize of $file differs from bytecount\n";
            $Errors++;
        }
    } 
    my $mask = "%8s " x 6 . "%s\n";
    printf  $mask => qw{ Paras Lines Words Graphs Chars Bytes File } unless $Headers++;

    printf $mask => map( { show_undef($_) } 
                                $paracount, $linecount, 
                                $wordcount, $grafcount, 
                                $charcount, $bytecount,
                       ), $file;
} 

sub show_undef {
    my $value = shift;
    return defined($value)
             ? $value
             : "undef";
} 

END { 
    close(STDOUT) || die "$0: can't close STDOUT: $!";
    exit($Errors != 0);
}

sub process_input {

    my $function = shift();

    my $enc;

    if (@ARGV == 0 && -t) {
        warn "$0: reading from stdin, type ^D to end or ^C to kill.\n";
    }

    unshift(@ARGV, "-") if @ARGV == 0;

FILE:

    for my $file (@ARGV) {
        # don't let magic open make an output handle

        next if -e $file && ! -f _;

        my $quasi_filename = fix_extension($file);

        $file = "standard input" if $file eq q(-);
        $quasi_filename =~ s/^(?=\s*[>|])/< /;

        no strict "refs";
        my $fh = $file;   # is *so* a lexical filehandle! ☺
        unless (open($fh, $quasi_filename)) {
            yuck("couldn't open $quasi_filename: $!");
            next FILE;
        }
        set_encoding($fh, $file) || next FILE;

        my $whole_file = eval {
            use warnings "FATAL" => "all";
            local $/;
            scalar <$fh>;
        };

        if ($@) {
            $@ =~ s/ at \K.*? line \d+.*/$file line $./;
            yuck($@);
            next FILE;
        }

        $function->($whole_file, $file);

        unless (close $fh) {
            yuck("couldn't close $quasi_filename at line $.: $!");
            next FILE;
        }

    } # foreach file

}

sub set_encoding(*$) {
    my ($handle, $path) = @_;

    my $enc_name = "utf8";

    if ($path && $path =~ m{ \. ([^\s.]+) \z }x) {
        my $ext = $1;
        die unless defined $ext;
        require Encode;
        if (my $enc_obj = Encode::find_encoding($ext)) {
            my $name = $enc_obj->name || $ext;
            $enc_name = "encoding($name)";
        }
    }

    return 1 if eval {
        use warnings FATAL => "all";
        no strict "refs";
        binmode($handle, ":$enc_name");
        1;
    };

    for ($@) {
        s/ at .* line \d+\.//;
        s/$/ for $path/;
    }

    yuck("set_encoding: $@");

    return undef;
}

sub fix_extension {
    my $path = shift();
    my %Compress = (
        Z       =>  "zcat",
        z       => "gzcat",            # for uncompressing
        gz      => "gzcat",
        bz      => "bzcat",
        bz2     => "bzcat",
        bzip    => "bzcat",
        bzip2   => "bzcat",
        lzma    => "lzcat",
    );

    if ($path =~ m{ \. ( [^.\s] +) \z }x) {
        if (my $prog = $Compress{$1}) {
            return "$prog $path |";
        } 
    } 

    return $path;

}

于 2011-02-28T23:02:17.213 回答
2

有一个Perl Power Tools项目,其目标是重建所有 Unix bin 实用程序,主要用于那些在没有 Unix 的操作系统上的实用程序。是的,他们做了wc。该实现是矫枉过正,但它是POSIX 兼容的。

当您查看符合 GNU 的true实现时,它会变得有点荒谬。

于 2009-04-24T09:33:40.060 回答
2

我在搜索字符计数解决方案时偶然发现了这一点。诚然,我对 perl 几乎一无所知,所以其中一些可能不符合实际,但这里是我对 newt 解决方案的调整。

首先,无论如何都有一个内置的行数变量,所以我只是使用了它。我猜这可能更有效一些。实际上,字符数包括换行符,这可能不是您想要的,所以我选择了 $_。Perl 还抱怨 split() 的完成方式(隐式拆分,请参阅:为什么 Perl 抱怨“不推荐使用对 @_ 的隐式拆分”?)所以我对其进行了调整。我的输入文件是 UTF-8,所以我就这样打开了它们。这可能有助于在包含非 ASCII 字符的输入文件中获得正确的字符数。

这是代码:

open(FILE, "<:encoding(UTF-8)", "file.txt") or die "Could not open file: $!";

my ($lines, $words, $chars) = (0,0,0);
my @wordcounter;
while (<FILE>) {
    chomp($_);
    $chars += length($_);
    @wordcounter = split(/\W+/, $_);
    $words += @wordcounter;
}
$lines = $.;
close FILE;
print "\nlines=$lines, words=$words, chars=$chars\n";
于 2010-08-29T16:44:55.233 回答
1

不严肃的回答:

system("wc foo");
于 2009-04-23T14:50:44.887 回答
1

以固定大小的块读取文件可能比逐行读取更有效。wc二进制文件执行此操作。

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use constant BLOCK_SIZE => 16384;

for my $file (@ARGV) {
    open my $fh, '<', $file or do {
        warn "couldn't open $file: $!\n";
        continue;
    };

    my ($chars, $words, $lines) = (0, 0, 0);

    my ($new_word, $new_line);
    while ((my $size = sysread $fh, local $_, BLOCK_SIZE) > 0) {
        $chars += $size;
        $words += /\s+/g;
        $words-- if $new_word && /\A\s/;
        $lines += () = /\n/g;

        $new_word = /\s\Z/;
        $new_line = /\n\Z/;
    }
    $lines-- if $new_line;

    print "\t$lines\t$words\t$chars\t$file\n";
}
于 2009-04-23T15:44:28.303 回答
1

为了能够计算 CHARS 而不是字节,请考虑以下问题:(
尝试使用中文或西里尔字母以及保存在 utf8 中的文件)

use utf8;

my $file='file.txt';
my $LAYER = ':encoding(UTF-8)';
open( my $fh, '<', $file )
  || die( "$file couldn't be opened: $!" );
binmode( $fh, $LAYER );
read $fh, my $txt, -s $file;
close $fh;

print length $txt,$/;
use bytes;
print length $txt,$/;
于 2009-04-23T20:13:35.740 回答
0

这可能对 Perl 初学者有帮助。我尝试模拟 MS 字数统计功能并添加了一项在 Linux 中使用 wc 未显示的功能。

  • number of lines
  • number of words
  • number of characters with space
  • number of characters without space (wc will not give this in its output but Microsoft words shows it.)

Here is the url: Counting words,characters and lines in a file

于 2014-02-18T09:51:06.950 回答