3

基于with 语句

  • __exit__()加载上下文管理器以供以后使用。
  • 上下文管理器的__enter__()方法被调用。

我已经看到了其中一种与zipfile的用法

问题> 我检查了位于此处的 zipfile 的源代码:

/usr/lib/python2.6/zipfile.py

不知道__enter__and__exit__函数在哪里定义?

谢谢

4

4 回答 4

9

zipfile.ZipFile在 2.6 中不是上下文管理器,这已在 2.7 中添加。

于 2011-10-09T21:13:09.890 回答
4

我将此添加为另一个答案,因为它通常不是最初问题的答案。但是,它可以帮助解决您的问题。

class MyZipFile(zipfile.ZipFile): # Create class based on zipfile.ZipFile
  def __init__(file, mode='r'): # Initial part of our module
    zipfile.ZipFile.__init__(file, mode) # Create ZipFile object

  def __enter__(self): # On entering...
    return(self) # Return object created in __init__ part
  def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): # On exiting...
    self.close() # Use close method of zipfile.ZipFile

用法:

with MyZipFile('new.zip', 'w') as tempzip: # Use content manager of MyZipFile
  tempzip.write('sbdtools.py') # Write file to our archive

如果你输入

help(MyZipFile)

您可以看到原始 zipfile.ZipFile 的所有方法以及您自己的方法:initenterexit。如果需要,您可以添加其他自己的功能。祝你好运!

于 2011-10-10T09:19:52.690 回答
2

使用对象类创建类的示例:

class ZipExtractor(object): # Create class that can only extract zip files
  def __init__(self, path): # Initial part
    import zipfile # Import old zipfile
    self.Path = path # To make path available to all class
    try: open(self.Path, 'rb') # To check whether file exists
    except IOError: print('File doesn\'t exist') # Catch error and print it
    else: # If file can be opened
      with open(self.Path, 'rb') as temp:
        self.Header = temp.read(4) # Read first 4 bytes
        if self.Header != '\x50\x4B\x03\x04':
          print('Your file is not a zip archive!')
        else: self.ZipObject = zipfile.ZipFile(self.Path, 'r')

  def __enter__(self): # On entering...
    return(self) # Return object created in __init__ part
  def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): # On exiting...
    self.close() # Use close method of our class

  def SuperExtract(member=None, path=None):
    '''Used to extract files from zip archive. If arg 'member'
    was not set, extract all files. If path was set, extract file(s)
    to selected folder.'''
    print('Extracting ZIP archive %s' % self.Path) # Print path of zip
    print('Archive has header %s' % self.Header) # Print header of zip
    if filename=None:
      self.ZipObject.extractall(path) # Extract all if member was not set
    else:
      self.ZipObject.extract(mamber, path) # Else extract selected file

  def close(self): # To close our file
    self.ZipObject.close()

用法:

with ZipExtractor('/path/to/zip') as zfile:
  zfile.SuperExtract('file') # Extract file to current dir
  zfile.SuperExtract(None, path='/your/folder') # Extract all to selected dir

# another way
zfile = ZipExtractor('/path/to/zip')
zfile.SuperExtract('file')
zfile.close() # Don't forget that line to clear memory

如果你运行 'help(ZipExtractor)',你会看到五种方法:

__init__, __enter__, __exit__, close, SuperExtract

我希望我对你有所帮助。我没有测试它,所以你可能需要改进它。

于 2011-10-10T16:15:13.750 回答
0

猫加加是对的。但是,如果您愿意,您可以编写自己的类来添加“错过”的功能。您需要做的就是在您的类中添加两个函数(基于 zipfile):

def __enter__(self):
  return(self)
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
  self.close()

这应该足够了,AFAIR。

于 2011-10-09T21:19:01.280 回答