33

如何将西里尔字符音译成拉丁字母？

E.g. Главная страница -> Glavnaja stranica

这个音译 PHP 扩展可以很好地做到这一点，但我无法将它安装在我的服务器上。

最好有相同的实现，但在 PHP 中。

4

14 回答 14

72

试试下面的代码

$textcyr="Тествам с кирилица";
        $textlat="I pone dotuk raboti!";
        $cyr = ['Љ', 'Њ', 'Џ', 'џ', 'ш', 'ђ', 'ч', 'ћ', 'ж', 'љ', 'њ', 'Ш', 'Ђ', 'Ч', 'Ћ', 'Ж','Ц','ц', 'а','б','в','г','д','е','ё','ж','з','и','й','к','л','м','н','о','п', 'р','с','т','у','ф','х','ц','ч','ш','щ','ъ','ы','ь','э','ю','я', 'А','Б','В','Г','Д','Е','Ё','Ж','З','И','Й','К','Л','М','Н','О','П', 'Р','С','Т','У','Ф','Х','Ц','Ч','Ш','Щ','Ъ','Ы','Ь','Э','Ю','Я'
        ];
        $lat = ['Lj', 'Nj', 'Dž', 'dž', 'š', 'đ', 'č', 'ć', 'ž', 'lj', 'nj', 'Š', 'Đ', 'Č', 'Ć', 'Ž','C','c', 'a','b','v','g','d','e','io','zh','z','i','y','k','l','m','n','o','p', 'r','s','t','u','f','h','ts','ch','sh','sht','a','i','y','e','yu','ya', 'A','B','V','G','D','E','Io','Zh','Z','I','Y','K','L','M','N','O','P', 'R','S','T','U','F','H','Ts','Ch','Sh','Sht','A','I','Y','e','Yu','Ya'
        ];
        $textcyr = str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
        $textlat = str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);
        echo("$textcyr $textlat");
于 2011-09-18T12:19:51.243 回答
46

@Tural Teyyuboglu

您的代码存在问题：如果您尝试将例如“щеки”音译为拉丁语，然后再转回西里尔语，则会产生类似“схтеки”的内容。多字节字符必须首先出现在数组中，如下所示：

function transliterate($textcyr = null, $textlat = null) {
    $cyr = array(
    'ж',  'ч',  'щ',   'ш',  'ю',  'а', 'б', 'в', 'г', 'д', 'е', 'з', 'и', 'й', 'к', 'л', 'м', 'н', 'о', 'п', 'р', 'с', 'т', 'у', 'ф', 'х', 'ц', 'ъ', 'ь', 'я',
    'Ж',  'Ч',  'Щ',   'Ш',  'Ю',  'А', 'Б', 'В', 'Г', 'Д', 'Е', 'З', 'И', 'Й', 'К', 'Л', 'М', 'Н', 'О', 'П', 'Р', 'С', 'Т', 'У', 'Ф', 'Х', 'Ц', 'Ъ', 'Ь', 'Я');
    $lat = array(
    'zh', 'ch', 'sht', 'sh', 'yu', 'a', 'b', 'v', 'g', 'd', 'e', 'z', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'f', 'h', 'c', 'y', 'x', 'q',
    'Zh', 'Ch', 'Sht', 'Sh', 'Yu', 'A', 'B', 'V', 'G', 'D', 'E', 'Z', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'F', 'H', 'c', 'Y', 'X', 'Q');
    if($textcyr) return str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
    else if($textlat) return str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);
    else return null;
}

echo transliterate(null, transliterate("щеки")) == "щеки";

于 2011-11-27T13:13:10.820 回答
20

最好的选择是使用 PHP Intl Extension。您可能需要先安装它。

这可以解决问题：

$transliteratedString = transliterator_transliterate('Russian-Latin/BGN', $cyrillicString);

我申请了“Russian-Latin/BGN”，因为提问者在他的问题中使用了俄语。但是，还有其他用西里尔字母编写的语言的选项。要查看所有这些，请执行以下操作：

print_r(transliterator_list_ids());
于 2015-05-30T19:06:23.283 回答
6 
$textcyr="Тест на кирилице";
$textlat="Test na kirilitse!";
$cyr  = array('а','б','в','г','д','е','ё','ж','з','и','й','к','л','м','н','о','п','р','с','т','у', 
            'ф','х','ц','ч','ш','щ','ъ', 'ы','ь', 'э', 'ю','я','А','Б','В','Г','Д','Е','Ж','З','И','Й','К','Л','М','Н','О','П','Р','С','Т','У',
            'Ф','Х','Ц','Ч','Ш','Щ','Ъ', 'Ы','Ь', 'Э', 'Ю','Я' );
$lat = array( 'a','b','v','g','d','e','io','zh','z','i','y','k','l','m','n','o','p','r','s','t','u',
            'f' ,'h' ,'ts' ,'ch','sh' ,'sht' ,'a', 'i', 'y', 'e' ,'yu' ,'ya','A','B','V','G','D','E','Zh',
            'Z','I','Y','K','L','M','N','O','P','R','S','T','U',
            'F' ,'H' ,'Ts' ,'Ch','Sh' ,'Sht' ,'A' ,'Y' ,'Yu' ,'Ya' );

$textcyr = str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
$textlat = str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);
echo("$textcyr $textlat");

缺少ё、э、ы（Э、Ы、Ё）字母

于 2013-03-20T09:24:12.813 回答
6

您应该尝试iconv()使用该//TRANSLIT选项。

$trstr = iconv(<your encoding here>, "ISO-8859-1//TRANSLIT", $src_str)
于 2011-09-18T21:27:36.430 回答
6

这是我用来清理波斯尼亚语、克罗地亚语、塞尔维亚拉丁语字符的函数

 function cleanUTF($name){
        $name = str_replace(array('š','č','đ','č','ć','ž','ñ'),array('s','c','d','c','c','z','n'), $name);
        $name = str_replace(array('Š','Č','Đ','Č','Ć', 'Ž','Ñ'),array('S','C','D','C','C','Z','N'), $name);
        $name = str_replace(array('а','б','в','г','д','е','ё','ж','з','и','й','к','л','љ','м','н','њ','о','п','р','с','т','у','ф','х','ц','ч','џ','ш','щ','ъ','ы','ь','э','ю','я','А','Б','В','Г','Д','Е','Ё','Ж','З','И','Й','К','Л','Љ','М','Н','Њ','О','П','Р','С','Т','У','Ф','Х','Ц','Ч','Џ','Ш','Щ','Ъ','Ы','Ь','Э','Ю','Я'),
                            array('a','b','v','g','d','e','e','z','z','i','j','k','l','lj','m','n','nj','o','p','r','s','t','u','f','h','c','c','dz','s','s','i','j','j','e','ju','ja','A','B','V','G','D','E','E','Z','Z','I','J','K','L','Lj','M','N','Nj','O','P','R','S','T','U','F','H','C','C','Dz','S','S','I','J','J','E','Ju','Ja'), $name);
        return $name;
    }
于 2015-09-29T08:11:06.610 回答
4

这是我的俄语字母音译表版本。它是非官方的，但基于技术标准 GOST 7.79-2000 和 GOST 16876-71。多字符优先。

public static function transliterate($textcyr = null, $textlat = null) {
    $cyr = array(
        'ё',  'ж',  'х',  'ц',  'ч',  'щ',   'ш',  'ъ',  'э',  'ю',  'я',  'а', 'б', 'в', 'г', 'д', 'е', 'з', 'и', 'й', 'к', 'л', 'м', 'н', 'о', 'п', 'р', 'с', 'т', 'у', 'ф', 'ь',
        'Ё',  'Ж',  'Х',  'Ц',  'Ч',  'Щ',   'Ш',  'Ъ',  'Э',  'Ю',  'Я',  'А', 'Б', 'В', 'Г', 'Д', 'Е', 'З', 'И', 'Й', 'К', 'Л', 'М', 'Н', 'О', 'П', 'Р', 'С', 'Т', 'У', 'Ф', 'Ь');
    $lat = array(
        'yo', 'zh', 'kh', 'ts', 'ch', 'shh', 'sh', '``', 'eh', 'yu', 'ya', 'a', 'b', 'v', 'g', 'd', 'e', 'z', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'f', '`',
        'Yo', 'Zh', 'Kh', 'Ts', 'Ch', 'Shh', 'Sh', '``', 'Eh', 'Yu', 'Ya', 'A', 'B', 'V', 'G', 'D', 'E', 'Z', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'F', '`');
    if($textcyr)
        return str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
    else if($textlat)
        return str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);
    else
        return null;
}
于 2016-05-14T00:41:23.030 回答
3

I wrote a full transliteration class for all European languages for utf-8. May help (comments are in polish but there isn't a lot of them so here's a few hints:

  1. numbers stored in constants are idCountry in local databse - you change them as you like.
  2. "Rób transliterację dla " means "do transliteration for " - you determine country by const name.
  3. "Słownik tłumaczący rosyjską cyrylicę wg standardu " means "dictionary with transliteration by standard "
  4. "Tablica wycinająca akcenty z różnych znaków narodowych pobrana z http://stuffofinterest.com/misc/utf8-about.html" means "Array to cut off accents from different languages" (it might help if you find some errors in iconv (or cannot use it for some reason).
  5. Methods utf2ascii and cyr2lat are pretty obvious.

Hope it will help a few people 'cause implementing it was a nightmare :)

Edit: I just noticed that part of the code is missing so I've put the full class on Pastie: class

于 2012-07-31T14:03:39.717 回答
3

遵守 Yandex 音译规则 ( http://www.translityandex.ru/ ) 并转换大写：

function translit_russian_filenames( $filename ) {
    $info = pathinfo( $filename );
    $ext  = empty( $info['extension'] ) ? '' : '.' . $info['extension'];
    $name = basename( $filename, $ext );
     $cyr = array(
    'а', 'б', 'в', 'г', 'д', 'е', 'ё', 'ж', 'з', 'и', 'й', 'к', 'л', 'м', 'н', 'о', 'п', 'р', 'с', 'т', 'у', 'ф', 'х', 'ц', 'ч', 'ш', 'щ', 'ъ', 'ы', 'ь', 'э', 'ю', 'я',
    'А', 'Б', 'В', 'Г', 'Д', 'Е', 'Ё', 'Ж', 'З', 'И', 'Й', 'К', 'Л', 'М', 'Н', 'О', 'П', 'Р', 'С', 'Т', 'У', 'Ф', 'Х', 'Ц', 'Ч', 'Ш', 'Щ', 'Ъ', 'ы', 'Ь', 'Э', 'Ю', 'Я' );
    $lat = array(
    'a', 'b', 'v', 'g', 'd', 'e', 'yo', 'zh', 'z', 'i', 'y', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'f', 'h', 'c', 'ch', 'sh', 'shch', '', 'y', '', 'e', 'yu', 'ya',
    'a', 'b', 'v', 'g', 'd', 'e', 'yo', 'zh', 'z', 'i', 'y', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'f', 'h', 'c', 'ch', 'sh', 'shch', '', 'y', '', 'e', 'yu', 'ya');
    $name_translit = str_replace($cyr, $lat, $name);
    return $name_translit . $ext;
}
add_filter( 'sanitize_file_name', 'translit_russian_filenames', 10 );
于 2016-11-11T09:51:35.153 回答
3

这个最适合我。代码来自此页面

function ru2lat($str)
{
    $tr = array(
    "А"=>"a", "Б"=>"b", "В"=>"v", "Г"=>"g", "Д"=>"d",
    "Е"=>"e", "Ё"=>"yo", "Ж"=>"zh", "З"=>"z", "И"=>"i", 
    "Й"=>"j", "К"=>"k", "Л"=>"l", "М"=>"m", "Н"=>"n", 
    "О"=>"o", "П"=>"p", "Р"=>"r", "С"=>"s", "Т"=>"t", 
    "У"=>"u", "Ф"=>"f", "Х"=>"kh", "Ц"=>"ts", "Ч"=>"ch", 
    "Ш"=>"sh", "Щ"=>"sch", "Ъ"=>"", "Ы"=>"y", "Ь"=>"", 
    "Э"=>"e", "Ю"=>"yu", "Я"=>"ya", "а"=>"a", "б"=>"b", 
    "в"=>"v", "г"=>"g", "д"=>"d", "е"=>"e", "ё"=>"yo", 
    "ж"=>"zh", "з"=>"z", "и"=>"i", "й"=>"j", "к"=>"k", 
    "л"=>"l", "м"=>"m", "н"=>"n", "о"=>"o", "п"=>"p", 
    "р"=>"r", "с"=>"s", "т"=>"t", "у"=>"u", "ф"=>"f", 
    "х"=>"kh", "ц"=>"ts", "ч"=>"ch", "ш"=>"sh", "щ"=>"sch", 
    "ъ"=>"", "ы"=>"y", "ь"=>"", "э"=>"e", "ю"=>"yu", 
    "я"=>"ya", " "=>"-", "."=>"", ","=>"", "/"=>"-",  
    ":"=>"", ";"=>"","—"=>"", "–"=>"-"
    );
return strtr($str,$tr);
}

希望这可以帮助某人。

于 2016-11-27T21:46:05.893 回答
2

如果您想对每个字母进行精确的双重转换，则需要稍微改进方法。我有用于 url 的翻译，用数据库搜索 url 参数。这就是为什么保持准确的字符而不用另一个替换对我来说非常重要的原因。

！！！支持乌克兰符号。

/**
 * @param $string
 *
 * @return string only cyrillic letter
 */
function to_cyrillic($string):string
{
    $gost = [
        "a" => "а", "b" => "б", "v" => "в", "g" => "г", "d" => "д", "e" => "е", "yo" => "ё",
        "j" => "ж", "z" => "з", "ii" => "и", "ji" => "й", "k" => "к",
        "l" => "л", "m" => "м", "n" => "н", "o" => "о", "p" => "п", "r" => "р", "s" => "с", "t" => "т",
        "y" => "у", "f" => "ф", "h" => "х", "c" => "ц",
        "ch" => "ч", "sh" => "ш", "sch" => "щ", "ie" => "ы", "u" => "у", "ya" => "я", "A" => "А", "B" => "Б",
        "V" => "В", "G" => "Г", "D" => "Д", "E" => "Е", "Yo" => "Ё", "J" => "Ж", "Z" => "З", "I" => "И", "Ji" => "Й",
        "K" => "К", "L" => "Л", "M" => "М",
        "N" => "Н", "O" => "О", "P" => "П",
        "R" => "Р", "S" => "С", "T" => "Т", "Y" => "Ю", "F" => "Ф", "H" => "Х", "C" => "Ц", "Ch" => "Ч", "Sh" => "Ш",
        "Sch" => "Щ", "Ie" => "Ы", "U" => "У", "Ya" => "Я", "'" => "ь", "_'" => "Ь", "''" => "ъ", "_''" => "Ъ",
        "yi" => "ї", "ge" => "ґ",
        "ye" => "є",
        "Yi" => "Ї",
        "II" => "І",
        "Ge" => "Ґ",
        "YE" => "Є",
    ];
    return strtr($string, $gost);
}

/**
 * @param $string
 *
 * @return string only latin letter
 */
function to_latin($string):string
{
    $gost = [
        "а" => "a", "б" => "b", "в" => "v", "г" => "g", "д" => "d",
        "е" => "e", "ё" => "yo", "ж" => "j", "з" => "z", "и" => "ii",
        "й" => "ji", "к" => "k", "л" => "l", "м" => "m", "н" => "n",
        "о" => "o", "п" => "p", "р" => "r", "с" => "s", "т" => "t",
        "у" => "y", "ф" => "f", "х" => "h", "ц" => "c", "ч" => "ch",
        "ш" => "sh", "щ" => "sch", "ы" => "ie", "э" => "e", "ю" => "u",
        "я" => "ya",
        "А" => "A", "Б" => "B", "В" => "V", "Г" => "G", "Д" => "D",
        "Е" => "E", "Ё" => "Yo", "Ж" => "J", "З" => "Z", "И" => "I",
        "Й" => "Ji", "К" => "K", "Л" => "L", "М" => "M", "Н" => "N",
        "О" => "O", "П" => "P", "Р" => "R", "С" => "S", "Т" => "T",
        "У" => "Y", "Ф" => "F", "Х" => "H", "Ц" => "C", "Ч" => "Ch",
        "Ш" => "Sh", "Щ" => "Sch", "Ы" => "Ie", "Э" => "E", "Ю" => "U",
        "Я" => "Ya",
        "ь" => "'", "Ь" => "_'", "ъ" => "''", "Ъ" => "_''",
        "ї" => "yi",
        "і" => "ii",
        "ґ" => "ge",
        "є" => "ye",
        "Ї" => "Yi",
        "І" => "II",
        "Ґ" => "Ge",
        "Є" => "YE",
    ];
    return strtr($string, $gost);
}
于 2021-04-12T11:02:16.367 回答
1

由于以上所有内容都不完整，这是我的版本：

    $textcyr="Тест на кирилице";
    $textlat="Test na kirilitse!";
         $cyr  = array('а','б','в','г','д','е','ё','ж','з','и','й','к','л','м','н','о','п','р','с','т','у', 
            'ф','х','ц','ч','ш','щ','ъ', 'ы','ь', 'э', 'ю','я',
            'А','Б','В','Г','Д','Е','Ё','Ж','З','И','Й','К','Л','М','Н','О','П','Р','С','Т','У',
            'Ф','Х','Ц','Ч','Ш','Щ','Ъ', 'Ы','Ь', 'Э', 'Ю','Я' );
$lat = array( 'a','b','v','g','d','e','e','zh','z','i','y','k','l','m','n','o','p','r','s','t','u',
            'f' ,'h' ,'ts' ,'ch','sh' ,'sht' ,'i', 'y', 'y', 'e' ,'yu' ,'ya','A','B','V','G','D','E','E','Zh',
            'Z','I','Y','K','L','M','N','O','P','R','S','T','U',
            'F' ,'H' ,'Ts' ,'Ch','Sh' ,'Sht' ,'I' ,'Y' ,'Y', 'E', 'Yu' ,'Ya' );

    $textcyr = str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
    $textlat = str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);
    echo("$textcyr $textlat");

我更喜欢 ё = e、ъ = i、ы = y 和 э = e，因为我正在使用这种方式。

于 2015-03-21T22:30:43.143 回答
0

对我来说最好的解决方案是使用

strtr("Информация",array('И'=>'I','н'=>'n','ф'=>'f', ...and so on... ))
于 2014-03-06T10:40:21.773 回答
0 

$textcyr = 'Њушка Ћушка Љубав Ђато ђата части ';

$textlat = 'Ljubav njuška džoša Džoša';
$textlat = str_replace("nj","њ",$textlat);
$textlat = str_replace("Nj","Њ",$textlat);
$textlat = str_replace("lj","љ",$textlat);
$textlat = str_replace("Lj","Љ",$textlat);
$textlat = str_replace("dž","џ",$textlat);
$textlat = str_replace("Dž","Џ",$textlat);


$textcyr = str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
$textlat = str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);

echo $textcyr;
echo $textlat;
于 2016-10-25T21:25:46.840 回答