背景
在我正在处理的 C# 项目中，我有两个对象之间具有双向关联。由于多种原因（例如，在集合中使用它们），我需要能够检查值相等（与引用相等），因此我正在实现 IEquatable 和相关功能。
假设
- 我正在使用 C# 3.0、.NET 3.5 和 Visual Studio 2008（尽管对于相等比较例程问题应该无关紧要）。
约束
任何解决方案都必须：
- 允许双向关联保持不变，同时允许检查值相等。
- 允许类的外部使用从 IEquatable 调用 Equals(Object obj) 或 Equals(T class) 并接收正确的行为（例如在 System.Collections.Generic 中）。
问题
在实现 IEquatable 以检查具有双向关联的类型的值相等时，会发生无限递归，从而导致堆栈溢出。
注意：类似地，在 GetHashCode 计算中使用类的所有字段将导致类似的无限递归和堆栈溢出问题。
问题
如何检查两个具有双向关联的对象之间的值相等而不导致堆栈溢出？
代码
注意：此代码仅用于显示问题，而不是演示我正在使用的遇到此问题的实际类设计
using System;
namespace EqualityWithBiDirectionalAssociation
{
public class Person : IEquatable<Person>
{
private string _firstName;
private string _lastName;
private Address _address;
public Person(string firstName, string lastName, Address address)
{
FirstName = firstName;
LastName = lastName;
Address = address;
}
public virtual Address Address
{
get { return _address; }
set { _address = value; }
}
public virtual string FirstName
{
get { return _firstName; }
set { _firstName = value; }
}
public virtual string LastName
{
get { return _lastName; }
set { _lastName = value; }
}
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
// Use 'as' rather than a cast to get a null rather an exception
// if the object isn't convertible
Person person = obj as Person;
return this.Equals(person);
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
string composite = FirstName + LastName;
return composite.GetHashCode();
}
#region IEquatable<Person> Members
public virtual bool Equals(Person other)
{
// Per MSDN documentation, x.Equals(null) should return false
if ((object)other == null)
{
return false;
}
return (this.Address.Equals(other.Address)
&& this.FirstName.Equals(other.FirstName)
&& this.LastName.Equals(other.LastName));
}
#endregion
}
public class Address : IEquatable<Address>
{
private string _streetName;
private string _city;
private string _state;
private Person _resident;
public Address(string city, string state, string streetName)
{
City = city;
State = state;
StreetName = streetName;
_resident = null;
}
public virtual string City
{
get { return _city; }
set { _city = value; }
}
public virtual Person Resident
{
get { return _resident; }
set { _resident = value; }
}
public virtual string State
{
get { return _state; }
set { _state = value; }
}
public virtual string StreetName
{
get { return _streetName; }
set { _streetName = value; }
}
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
// Use 'as' rather than a cast to get a null rather an exception
// if the object isn't convertible
Address address = obj as Address;
return this.Equals(address);
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
string composite = StreetName + City + State;
return composite.GetHashCode();
}
#region IEquatable<Address> Members
public virtual bool Equals(Address other)
{
// Per MSDN documentation, x.Equals(null) should return false
if ((object)other == null)
{
return false;
}
return (this.City.Equals(other.City)
&& this.State.Equals(other.State)
&& this.StreetName.Equals(other.StreetName)
&& this.Resident.Equals(other.Resident));
}
#endregion
}
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Address address1 = new Address("seattle", "washington", "Awesome St");
Address address2 = new Address("seattle", "washington", "Awesome St");
Person person1 = new Person("John", "Doe", address1);
address1.Resident = person1;
address2.Resident = person1;
if (address1.Equals(address2)) // <-- Generates a stack overflow!
{
Console.WriteLine("The two addresses are equal");
}
Person person2 = new Person("John", "Doe", address2);
address2.Resident = person2;
if (address1.Equals(address2)) // <-- Generates a stack overflow!
{
Console.WriteLine("The two addresses are equal");
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}