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我正在将我们的应用程序从 rails 6 升级到 7，我使用的是 zeitwerk 而不是带有 rails 6 的经典自动加载器，没有任何问题，现在没有对文件夹/文件命名约定或结构进行任何更改，它无法在里面找到任何类/模块lib 文件夹。我一直在调试 zeitwerk gem，并且 autoloads 哈希将文件路径作为键和[Namespace, Constant Name]值，使用 rails 6 它具有正确的名称空间，例如，对于其中的文件，\user\project\rails6_test\lib\folder\config.rb它将具有Folder作为命名空间并Config在内部定义的config.rb正确找到在Folder命名空间中，但在使用 rails 7 迁移后，它始终具有Object命名空间，不仅适用于顶级文件夹，而且适用于所有嵌套文件，显然它无法在Object.

我没有看到升级指南中遗漏的任何内容，这里可能遗漏了什么？

更新

我尝试运行bin/rails r 'pp ActiveSupport::Dependencies.autoload_paths'，但出现以下错误，

/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/callbacks.rb:25:in `on_file_autoloaded': expected file /home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/restful_resource.rb to define constant RestfulResource, but didn't (Zeitwerk::NameError)

  raise Zeitwerk::NameError.new("expected file #{file} to define constant #{cpath}, but didn't", cref.last)
  ^^^^^
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/kernel.rb:28:in `require'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:95:in `const_get'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:95:in `cget'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:238:in `block (2 levels) in eager_load'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:26:in `block in ls'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:18:in `each_child'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:18:in `ls'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:233:in `block in eager_load'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:218:in `synchronize'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:218:in `eager_load'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:318:in `each'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:318:in `eager_load_all'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:78:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `instance_exec'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `run'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:61:in `block in run_initializers'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:228:in `block in tsort_each'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:431:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:349:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:347:in `call'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:226:in `tsort_each'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:205:in `tsort_each'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:60:in `run_initializers'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/application.rb:372:in `initialize!'
    from /home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/rainman/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/kernel.rb:35:in `require'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/kernel.rb:35:in `require'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/application.rb:348:in `require_environment!'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/command/actions.rb:28:in `require_environment!'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/command/actions.rb:15:in `require_application_and_environment!'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/commands/runner/runner_command.rb:33:in `perform'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/thor-1.2.1/lib/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/thor-1.2.1/lib/thor/invocation.rb:127:in `invoke_command'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/thor-1.2.1/lib/thor.rb:392:in `dispatch'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/command/base.rb:87:in `perform'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/command.rb:48:in `invoke'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<top (required)>'
    from bin/rails:4:in `require'
    from bin/rails:4:in `<main>'

我config.autoload_paths << "#{config.root}/lib"在我的 application.rb 中有我添加的 zeitwerk 测试预加载config.eager_load_paths += Dir["#{config.root}/lib/**/"]，如果您需要更多信息，请告诉我。

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1 回答 1

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感谢您的更新。问题是这个球：

config.eager_load_paths += Dir["#{config.root}/lib/**/"]

添加到急切的加载路径，也添加到自动加载路径（我觉得这有点令人困惑，但它是如何工作的）。因此，该 glob 正在添加，例如，lib/project_name自动加载路径。了解正在发生的事情的关键观察是，当存在嵌套的根路径时，就其下方的文件和目录而言，嵌套最多的路径获胜。

因此，由于lib在自动加载路径中，lib因此假定以下任何内容都定义在Object. 但是，由于lib/project_name也在自动加载路径中，因此该子树也代表Object. 这与您在app/models和中的情况相同app/models/concerns。

这些文档对此进行了解释，但在这种情况下它们很容易被忽略，因为您的配置并不明显受到这一点的影响。

解决方案是仅添加lib：

config.autoload_paths << "#{config.root}/lib"
config.eager_load_paths << "#{config.root}/lib"

就像那样，没有通配符。从技术上讲，考虑到第二行，第一行是多余的，但在我看来，这很微妙而且不明显，我个人喜欢把这两行都说清楚，但你喜欢这里。（不会有重复条目，最终集合通过uniq。）

既然我们在上面，让我也评论一些额外的东西。也许您的应用程序已经这样做了，但以防万一，让我说它lib通常具有不打算自动加载的文件和目录。例如，lib/tasks。仔细考虑它们并告诉自动加载器是干净的：

Rails.autoloaders.main.ignore("#{config.root}/lib/tasks")

否则，自动加载器将认为lib/tasks是一个命名空间，将为Tasksin定义一个自动加载Object，如果启用了急切加载，将急切加载（== 实际定义）模块等。从概念上讲，lib/tasks没有要自动加载/急切加载的代码，并且配置必须反映这一点。与其他类似目录相同。

于 2022-03-05T22:51:57.380 回答