这是一个用 Python 和 PyVista 制作的 Hopf 圆环:
import numpy as np
import pyvista as pv
A = 0.44
n = 3
def Gamma(t):
alpha = np.pi/2 - (np.pi/2-A)*np.cos(n*t)
beta = t + A*np.sin(2*n*t)
return np.array([
np.sin(alpha) * np.cos(beta),
np.sin(alpha) * np.sin(beta),
np.cos(alpha)
])
def HopfInverse(p, phi):
return np.array([
(1+p[2])*np.cos(phi),
p[0]*np.sin(phi) - p[1]*np.cos(phi),
p[0]*np.cos(phi) + p[1]*np.sin(phi),
(1+p[2])*np.sin(phi)
]) / np.sqrt(2*(1+p[2]))
def Stereo(q):
return 2*q[0:3] / (1-q[3])
def F(t, phi):
return Stereo(HopfInverse(Gamma(t), phi))
angle = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 300)
theta, phi = np.meshgrid(angle, angle)
x, y, z = F(theta, phi)
# Display the mesh
grid = pv.StructuredGrid(x, y, z)
grid.plot(smooth_shading=True)
颜色并不完全光滑:在右下角的叶瓣上,你可以看到一条分隔淡灰色和深灰色的线。如何摆脱这条线?