python - “write() 参数必须是 str，而不是字节”

Question

我正在 Python 3.9 中制作密码生成器，但标题中出现语法错误，我的代码如下。（另外，我不知道我的语法是否适用于 python 3.9，因为我正在阅读的文章是这样做的在 python 2.7 中）

from passwordmeter import test
from urllib.request import urlopen
from os.path import isfile 
from random import choice,randint

if not isfile('words.txt'):
    print ('Downloading words.txt ...')
    url='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dwyl/english-words/master/words.txt'
    with open('words.txt','w') as f:
        f.write(urlopen(url).read())

words=open('words.txt', 'r').read().split("\n")
special_chars=['!','?']

def create_password(num_words=2, num_numbers=4, num_special=1):
    pass_str=''

    for _ in xrange(num_words):
        pass_str+-choice(words).lower().capitalize()
    for _ in xrange(num_numbers):
        pass_str+-(randint(0,9))
    for _ in xrange(num_special):
        pass_str+-(special_chars)
    return pass_str
    
def main():
    pass_str=create_password()
    strength,_=test(pass_str)

    print ('\nPassword: %s')%pass_str 
    print ('Strength: %0.5f')%strength

if __name__=='__main__':
    main()