我在 WPF C# 中编程。我有例如以下路径：
C:\Program Files\hello.txt
我想从中提取hello。
该路径是string从数据库中检索的。目前我正在使用以下代码分割路径'\'，然后再次分割'.'：
string path = "C:\\Program Files\\hello.txt";
string[] pathArr = path.Split('\\');
string[] fileArr = pathArr.Last().Split('.');
string fileName = fileArr.Last().ToString();
它有效，但我相信应该有更短和更智能的解决方案。任何的想法？
返回由只读字符范围表示的文件路径的文件名和扩展名。
Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension
返回不带文件路径扩展名的文件名，该文件路径由只读字符范围表示。
Path课堂很棒。
尝试
fileName = Path.GetFileName (path);
http://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/system.io.path.getfilename.aspx
尝试
System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(path);
演示
string fileName = @"C:\mydir\myfile.ext";
string path = @"C:\mydir\";
string result;
result = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(fileName);
Console.WriteLine("GetFileNameWithoutExtension('{0}') returns '{1}'",
fileName, result);
result = Path.GetFileName(path);
Console.WriteLine("GetFileName('{0}') returns '{1}'",
path, result);
// This code produces output similar to the following:
//
// GetFileNameWithoutExtension('C:\mydir\myfile.ext') returns 'myfile'
// GetFileName('C:\mydir\') returns ''
您可以按如下方式使用Path API：
var filenNme = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension([File Path]);
var fileNameWithoutExtension = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(path);
试试这个：
string fileName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(@"C:\Program Files\hello.txt");
这将为文件名返回“hello”。
string Location = "C:\\Program Files\\hello.txt";
string FileName = Location.Substring(Location.LastIndexOf('\\') +
1);
首先，问题中的代码不会产生所描述的输出。它提取文件扩展名( "txt") 而不是文件基名( "hello")。要做到这一点，最后一行应该调用First()，而不是Last()像这样......
static string GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit(string path)
{
string[] pathArr = path.Split('\\');
string[] fileArr = pathArr.Last().Split('.');
string fileBaseName = fileArr.First().ToString();
return fileBaseName;
}
进行了更改后，就改进此代码而言，要考虑的一件事是它产生的垃圾量：
string[]包含一个stringpathstring[]至少包含一个string.path因此，从示例路径中提取基本文件名"C:\Program Files\hello.txt"应生成（临时）objects "C:"、"Program Files"、"hello.txt"、"hello"、"txt"、 astring[3]和 a string[2]。如果在大量路径上调用该方法，这可能很重要。为了改进这一点，我们可以搜索path自己来定位基本名称的起点和终点，并使用它们来创建一个新的string......
static string GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstringUnsafe(string path)
{
// Fails on paths with no file extension - DO NOT USE!!
int startIndex = path.LastIndexOf('\\') + 1;
int endIndex = path.IndexOf('.', startIndex);
string fileBaseName = path.Substring(startIndex, endIndex - startIndex);
return fileBaseName;
}
这是使用最后一个字符的索引\作为基本名称的开始，并从那里寻找第一个.用作基本名称结束后字符的索引。这比原始代码短吗？不完全的。这是一个“更智能”的解决方案吗？我认同。至少，如果不是因为……
从评论中可以看出，前面的方法是有问题的。\尽管假设所有路径都以带有扩展名的文件名结尾，但如果路径以（即目录路径）结尾或在最后一段中不包含扩展名，它将引发异常。为了解决这个问题，我们需要添加一个额外的检查来说明什么时候endIndex是-1（即.未找到）......
static string GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstring(string path)
{
int startIndex = path.LastIndexOf('\\') + 1;
int endIndex = path.IndexOf('.', startIndex);
int length = (endIndex >= 0 ? endIndex : path.Length) - startIndex;
string fileBaseName = path.Substring(startIndex, length);
return fileBaseName;
}
现在这个版本远不比原来的版本短，但它更有效并且（现在）也正确。
至于实现此功能的 .NET 方法，许多其他答案建议使用Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension()，这是一个明显、简单的解决方案，但不会产生与问题中的代码相同的结果。GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit()和Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension()(下 )之间有一个微妙但重要的区别GetFileBaseNameUsingPath()：前者提取第一个 .之前的所有内容，后者提取最后一个 .之前的所有内容。这path对问题中的示例没有什么影响，但是看一下这张表，比较了上述四种方法在使用各种路径调用时的结果......
| 描述 | 方法 | 小路 | 结果 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 单扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 单扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingPath() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 单扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstringUnsafe() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 单扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstring() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 双扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt.ext" |
"hello" |
| 双扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingPath() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt.ext" |
"hello.txt" |
| 双扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstringUnsafe() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt.ext" |
"hello" |
| 双扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstring() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt.ext" |
"hello" |
| 无扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit() |
"C:\Program Files\hello" |
"hello" |
| 无扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingPath() |
"C:\Program Files\hello" |
"hello" |
| 无扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstringUnsafe() |
"C:\Program Files\hello" |
例外：长度不能小于零。（参数“长度”） |
| 无扩展 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstring() |
"C:\Program Files\hello" |
"hello" |
| 领先时期 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit() |
"C:\Program Files\.hello.txt" |
"" |
| 领先时期 | GetFileBaseNameUsingPath() |
"C:\Program Files\.hello.txt" |
".hello" |
| 领先时期 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstringUnsafe() |
"C:\Program Files\.hello.txt" |
"" |
| 领先时期 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstring() |
"C:\Program Files\.hello.txt" |
"" |
| 尾随期 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt." |
"hello" |
| 尾随期 | GetFileBaseNameUsingPath() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt." |
"hello.txt" |
| 尾随期 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstringUnsafe() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt." |
"hello" |
| 尾随期 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstring() |
"C:\Program Files\hello.txt." |
"hello" |
| 目录路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit() |
"C:\Program Files\" |
"" |
| 目录路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingPath() |
"C:\Program Files\" |
"" |
| 目录路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstringUnsafe() |
"C:\Program Files\" |
例外：长度不能小于零。（参数“长度”） |
| 目录路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstring() |
"C:\Program Files\" |
"" |
| 当前文件路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit() |
"hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 当前文件路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingPath() |
"hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 当前文件路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstringUnsafe() |
"hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 当前文件路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstring() |
"hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 父文件路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit() |
"..\hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 父文件路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingPath() |
"..\hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 父文件路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstringUnsafe() |
"..\hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 父文件路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstring() |
"..\hello.txt" |
"hello" |
| 父目录路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit() |
".." |
"" |
| 父目录路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingPath() |
".." |
"." |
| 父目录路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstringUnsafe() |
".." |
"" |
| 父目录路径 | GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstring() |
".." |
"" |
...并且您会看到，Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension()当传递文件名具有双扩展名或前导和/或尾随的路径时，会产生不同的结果.。您可以使用以下代码自己尝试...
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
namespace SO6921105
{
internal class PathExtractionResult
{
public string Description { get; set; }
public string Method { get; set; }
public string Path { get; set; }
public string Result { get; set; }
}
public static class Program
{
private static string GetFileBaseNameUsingSplit(string path)
{
string[] pathArr = path.Split('\\');
string[] fileArr = pathArr.Last().Split('.');
string fileBaseName = fileArr.First().ToString();
return fileBaseName;
}
private static string GetFileBaseNameUsingPath(string path)
{
return Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(path);
}
private static string GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstringUnsafe(string path)
{
// Fails on paths with no file extension - DO NOT USE!!
int startIndex = path.LastIndexOf('\\') + 1;
int endIndex = path.IndexOf('.', startIndex);
string fileBaseName = path.Substring(startIndex, endIndex - startIndex);
return fileBaseName;
}
private static string GetFileBaseNameUsingSubstring(string path)
{
int startIndex = path.LastIndexOf('\\') + 1;
int endIndex = path.IndexOf('.', startIndex);
int length = (endIndex >= 0 ? endIndex : path.Length) - startIndex;
string fileBaseName = path.Substring(startIndex, length);
return fileBaseName;
}
public static void Main()
{
MethodInfo[] testMethods = typeof(Program).GetMethods(BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static)
.Where(method => method.Name.StartsWith("GetFileBaseName"))
.ToArray();
var inputs = new[] {
new { Description = "Single extension", Path = @"C:\Program Files\hello.txt" },
new { Description = "Double extension", Path = @"C:\Program Files\hello.txt.ext" },
new { Description = "No extension", Path = @"C:\Program Files\hello" },
new { Description = "Leading period", Path = @"C:\Program Files\.hello.txt" },
new { Description = "Trailing period", Path = @"C:\Program Files\hello.txt." },
new { Description = "Directory path", Path = @"C:\Program Files\" },
new { Description = "Current file path", Path = "hello.txt" },
new { Description = "Parent file path", Path = @"..\hello.txt" },
new { Description = "Parent directory path", Path = ".." }
};
PathExtractionResult[] results = inputs
.SelectMany(
input => testMethods.Select(
method => {
string result;
try
{
string returnValue = (string) method.Invoke(null, new object[] { input.Path });
result = $"\"{returnValue}\"";
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
if (ex is TargetInvocationException)
ex = ex.InnerException;
result = $"EXCEPTION: {ex.Message}";
}
return new PathExtractionResult() {
Description = input.Description,
Method = $"{method.Name}()",
Path = $"\"{input.Path}\"",
Result = result
};
}
)
).ToArray();
const int ColumnPadding = 2;
ResultWriter writer = new ResultWriter(Console.Out) {
DescriptionColumnWidth = results.Max(output => output.Description.Length) + ColumnPadding,
MethodColumnWidth = results.Max(output => output.Method.Length) + ColumnPadding,
PathColumnWidth = results.Max(output => output.Path.Length) + ColumnPadding,
ResultColumnWidth = results.Max(output => output.Result.Length) + ColumnPadding,
ItemLeftPadding = " ",
ItemRightPadding = " "
};
PathExtractionResult header = new PathExtractionResult() {
Description = nameof(PathExtractionResult.Description),
Method = nameof(PathExtractionResult.Method),
Path = nameof(PathExtractionResult.Path),
Result = nameof(PathExtractionResult.Result)
};
writer.WriteResult(header);
writer.WriteDivider();
foreach (IGrouping<string, PathExtractionResult> resultGroup in results.GroupBy(result => result.Description))
{
foreach (PathExtractionResult result in resultGroup)
writer.WriteResult(result);
writer.WriteDivider();
}
}
}
internal class ResultWriter
{
private const char DividerChar = '-';
private const char SeparatorChar = '|';
private TextWriter Writer { get; }
public ResultWriter(TextWriter writer)
{
Writer = writer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(writer));
}
public int DescriptionColumnWidth { get; set; }
public int MethodColumnWidth { get; set; }
public int PathColumnWidth { get; set; }
public int ResultColumnWidth { get; set; }
public string ItemLeftPadding { get; set; }
public string ItemRightPadding { get; set; }
public void WriteResult(PathExtractionResult result)
{
WriteLine(
$"{ItemLeftPadding}{result.Description}{ItemRightPadding}",
$"{ItemLeftPadding}{result.Method}{ItemRightPadding}",
$"{ItemLeftPadding}{result.Path}{ItemRightPadding}",
$"{ItemLeftPadding}{result.Result}{ItemRightPadding}"
);
}
public void WriteDivider()
{
WriteLine(
new string(DividerChar, DescriptionColumnWidth),
new string(DividerChar, MethodColumnWidth),
new string(DividerChar, PathColumnWidth),
new string(DividerChar, ResultColumnWidth)
);
}
private void WriteLine(string description, string method, string path, string result)
{
Writer.Write(SeparatorChar);
Writer.Write(description.PadRight(DescriptionColumnWidth));
Writer.Write(SeparatorChar);
Writer.Write(method.PadRight(MethodColumnWidth));
Writer.Write(SeparatorChar);
Writer.Write(path.PadRight(PathColumnWidth));
Writer.Write(SeparatorChar);
Writer.Write(result.PadRight(ResultColumnWidth));
Writer.WriteLine(SeparatorChar);
}
}
}
TL; DR 问题中的代码在某些极端情况下的表现并不像许多人所期望的那样。如果您要编写自己的路径操作代码，请务必考虑...
.所有内容还是最后一个之前的所有内容.？）..（可能不会在 Windows 上遇到，但它们是可能的）.\并非所有文件路径都遵循通常的公式X:\Directory\File.ext！
string filepath = "C:\\Program Files\\example.txt";
FileVersionInfo myFileVersionInfo = FileVersionInfo.GetVersionInfo(filepath);
FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(filepath);
Console.WriteLine(fi.Name);
//input to the "fi" is a full path to the file from "filepath"
//This code will return the fileName from the given path
//output
//example.txt
Namespace: using System.IO;
//use this to get file name dynamically
string filelocation = Properties.Settings.Default.Filelocation;
//use this to get file name statically
//string filelocation = @"D:\FileDirectory\";
string[] filesname = Directory.GetFiles(filelocation); //for multiple files
如果您要动态获取文件名，则在 App.config 文件中的路径配置 -
<userSettings>
<ConsoleApplication13.Properties.Settings>
<setting name="Filelocation" serializeAs="String">
<value>D:\\DeleteFileTest</value>
</setting>
</ConsoleApplication13.Properties.Settings>
</userSettings>