python - Python：将不等式作为字符串传递给 dict 以进行评估

Question

我需要将不等式传递给函数以在函数内进行评估。如果作为字符串传递，有没有办法评估不等式？还是我必须传递不等式的表示并使用 if/else 语句来生成符号？

Answer 1

Your question is a little vague, but it sounds like you want to evaluate a string containing an expression (such as x > 5). Rather than doing that, which is unnecessarily complex, and potentially a security hazard, just define a function, either in the conventional way or using lambda.

def gt5(x):
    return x > 5

or

gt5 = lambda x: x > 5

These are both equivalent; now you can pass around gt5 however you like, and when the time comes, you simply call it

y = 6
if gt5(y):
    ...

As Gerrat's answer suggests, the operator module may also be useful for things like this.

---

Now that I know you are processing user strings, I would definitely suggest creating a dictionary that maps strings to functions. (Perhaps that's what you meant in your title?) Passing userland strings into getattr seems bad in a number of ways. What happens if you want to add a string that doesn't correspond to an attribute of operator? What happens if the user passes in a string corresponding to a private attribute? Better to create a custom dictionary mapping strings to functions. A dict allows you to specify just those strings you want to accept.

func_dict = {
    'lt'   : operator.lt,
    'gt'   : operator.gt,
    'nand' : lambda x, y: not (x and y)
}

You could still save yourself work by using getattr + operator to build the dict from a list of strings that you want to accept. Something like:

func_dict = dict((s, getattr(operator, s)) for s in ['lt', 'gt'])

Then update func_dict like so:

custom_dict = {
    'nand' : lambda x, y: not (x and y)
}

func_dict.update(custom_dict)

From there you can easily call functions in the dict like so:

>>> func_dict['lt'](5, 7)
True

Answer 2

您可以使用该operator模块，并在其上传递适当的方法：

import operator

def check(op, a, b)
    return op(a,b)

op = operator.ne
check(op, 2,3)


>>> True