131

有人可以向我解释 iOS 应用程序上的文档目录是什么以及何时使用它吗?

以下是我目前所相信的:

对我来说,它似乎是一个中央文件夹,用户可以在其中存储应用程序所需的任何文件。

这与 Core Data 存储数据的位置不同吗?

似乎每个应用程序都有自己的文档目录。

我可以随意创建文档目录的子目录,比如文档目录/图像,还是文档目录/视频?

4

9 回答 9

200

仅您的应用程序(在非越狱设备上)在“沙盒”环境中运行。这意味着它只能访问自己内容中的文件和目录。例如DocumentsLibrary

请参阅iOS 应用程序编程指南

要访问应用程序沙箱的Documents目录,可以使用以下命令:

iOS 8 及更新版本,这是推荐的方法

+ (NSURL *)applicationDocumentsDirectory
{
     return [[[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLsForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomains:NSUserDomainMask] lastObject];
}

如果您需要支持 iOS 7 或更早版本

+ (NSString *) applicationDocumentsDirectory 
{    
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *basePath = paths.firstObject;
    return basePath;
}

Documents目录允许您存储应用程序创建或可能需要的文件和子目录。

要访问您的应用程序沙箱的目录中的文件,请使用(代替paths上述):

[NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) objectAtIndex:0]
于 2011-08-02T04:56:50.327 回答
43

这在 iOS 8 中发生了变化。请参阅以下技术说明:https ://developer.apple.com/library/ios/technotes/tn2406/_index.html

苹果认可的方式(来自上面的链接)如下:

// Returns the URL to the application's Documents directory.
- (NSURL *)applicationDocumentsDirectory
{
    return [[[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLsForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomains:NSUserDomainMask] lastObject];
}
于 2015-05-12T20:43:37.267 回答
22

我在接受的答案建议的文档中找不到代码,但我在这里找到了更新的等价物:

文件系统编程指南 :: 访问文件和目录 »

- (NSURL*)applicationDataDirectory {
    NSFileManager* sharedFM = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSArray* possibleURLs = [sharedFM URLsForDirectory:NSApplicationSupportDirectory
                                 inDomains:NSUserDomainMask];
    NSURL* appSupportDir = nil;
    NSURL* appDirectory = nil;

    if ([possibleURLs count] >= 1) {
        // Use the first directory (if multiple are returned)
        appSupportDir = [possibleURLs objectAtIndex:0];
    }

    // If a valid app support directory exists, add the
    // app's bundle ID to it to specify the final directory.
    if (appSupportDir) {
        NSString* appBundleID = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundleIdentifier];
        appDirectory = [appSupportDir URLByAppendingPathComponent:appBundleID];
    }

    return appDirectory;
}

它不鼓励使用 NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomain:

NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains 函数的行为类似于 URLsForDirectory:inDomains: 方法,但将目录的位置作为基于字符串的路径返回。您应该改用 URLsForDirectory:inDomains: 方法。

下面是一些其他有用的目录常量。毫无疑问,iOS 并不支持所有这些。您还可以使用 NSHomeDirectory() 函数:

在 iOS 中,主目录是应用程序的沙箱目录。在 OS X 中,它是应用程序的沙箱目录或当前用户的主目录(如果应用程序不在沙箱中)

来自 NSPathUtilities.h

NSApplicationDirectory = 1,             // supported applications (Applications)
    NSDemoApplicationDirectory,             // unsupported applications, demonstration versions (Demos)
    NSDeveloperApplicationDirectory,        // developer applications (Developer/Applications). DEPRECATED - there is no one single Developer directory.
    NSAdminApplicationDirectory,            // system and network administration applications (Administration)
    NSLibraryDirectory,                     // various documentation, support, and configuration files, resources (Library)
    NSDeveloperDirectory,                   // developer resources (Developer) DEPRECATED - there is no one single Developer directory.
    NSUserDirectory,                        // user home directories (Users)
    NSDocumentationDirectory,               // documentation (Documentation)
    NSDocumentDirectory,                    // documents (Documents)
    NSCoreServiceDirectory,                 // location of CoreServices directory (System/Library/CoreServices)
    NSAutosavedInformationDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0) = 11,   // location of autosaved documents (Documents/Autosaved)
    NSDesktopDirectory = 12,                // location of user's desktop
    NSCachesDirectory = 13,                 // location of discardable cache files (Library/Caches)
    NSApplicationSupportDirectory = 14,     // location of application support files (plug-ins, etc) (Library/Application Support)
    NSDownloadsDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0) = 15,              // location of the user's "Downloads" directory
    NSInputMethodsDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0) = 16,           // input methods (Library/Input Methods)
    NSMoviesDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0) = 17,                 // location of user's Movies directory (~/Movies)
    NSMusicDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0) = 18,                  // location of user's Music directory (~/Music)
    NSPicturesDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0) = 19,               // location of user's Pictures directory (~/Pictures)
    NSPrinterDescriptionDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0) = 20,     // location of system's PPDs directory (Library/Printers/PPDs)
    NSSharedPublicDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0) = 21,           // location of user's Public sharing directory (~/Public)
    NSPreferencePanesDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0) = 22,        // location of the PreferencePanes directory for use with System Preferences (Library/PreferencePanes)
    NSApplicationScriptsDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_8, NA) = 23,      // location of the user scripts folder for the calling application (~/Library/Application Scripts/code-signing-id)
    NSItemReplacementDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0) = 99,       // For use with NSFileManager's URLForDirectory:inDomain:appropriateForURL:create:error:
    NSAllApplicationsDirectory = 100,       // all directories where applications can occur
    NSAllLibrariesDirectory = 101,          // all directories where resources can occur
    NSTrashDirectory NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_8, NA) = 102                   // location of Trash directory

最后,NSURL 类别中的一些便利方法 http://club15cc.com/code/ios/easy-ios-file-directory-paths-with-this-handy-nsurl-category

于 2012-10-25T10:10:06.730 回答
8

Swift 3 和 4 作为全局变量:

var documentsDirectory: URL {
    return FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).last!
}

作为 FileManager 扩展:

extension FileManager {
    static var documentsDirectory: URL {
        return `default`.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).last!
    }

    var documentsDirectory: URL {
        return urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).last!
    }
}
于 2017-05-02T16:55:00.330 回答
6
于 2013-03-20T12:16:05.867 回答
6

为这种尴尬的调用添加一个扩展名到 FileManager 会更干净,如果没有别的,为了整洁。就像是:

extension FileManager {
    static var documentDir : URL {
        return FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).first!
    }
}
于 2017-12-17T19:20:45.180 回答
4

您可以使用此代码访问文档目录,它主要用于以 plist 格式存储文件:

NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths firstObject];
return documentsDirectory;
于 2014-07-18T10:52:23.960 回答
1

这是一个有用的小功能,它使使用/创建 iOS 文件夹更容易一些。

您将子文件夹的名称传递给它,它会将完整路径返回给您,并确保该目录存在。

(就个人而言,我将这个静态函数放在我的 AppDelete 类中,但也许这不是最聪明的地方。)

以下是您如何称呼它,以获取 MySavedImages 子目录的“完整路径”:

NSString* fullPath = [AppDelegate getFullPath:@"MySavedImages"];

这是完整的功能:

+(NSString*)getFullPath:(NSString*)folderName
{
    //  Check whether a subdirectory exists in our sandboxed Documents directory.
    //  Returns the full path of the directory.
    //
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    if (paths.count < 1)
        return nil;

    NSString *rootFolder = [paths firstObject];
    NSString* fullFolderPath = [rootFolder stringByAppendingPathComponent:folderName];

    BOOL isDirectory;
    NSFileManager* manager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];

    if (![manager fileExistsAtPath:fullFolderPath isDirectory:&isDirectory] || !isDirectory) {
        NSError *error = nil;
        NSDictionary *attr = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:NSFileProtectionComplete
                                                         forKey:NSFileProtectionKey];
        [manager createDirectoryAtPath:fullFolderPath
           withIntermediateDirectories:YES
                            attributes:attr
                                 error:&error];
        if (error) {
            NSLog(@"Error creating directory path: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
            return nil;
        }
    }
    return fullFolderPath;
}

使用这个小功能,可以很容易地在应用程序的 Documents 目录中创建一个目录(如果它不存在的话),并将一个文件写入其中。

以下是我将如何创建目录,并将我的一个图像文件的内容写入其中:

//  Let's create a "MySavedImages" subdirectory (if it doesn't already exist)
NSString* fullPath = [AppDelegate getFullPath:@"MySavedImages"];

//  As an example, let's load the data in one of my images files
NSString* imageFilename = @"icnCross.png";

UIImage* image = [UIImage imageNamed:imageFilename];
NSData *imageData = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);

//  Obtain the full path+filename where we can write this .png to, in our new MySavedImages directory
NSString* imageFilePathname = [fullPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:imageFilename];

//  Write the data
[imageData writeToFile:imageFilePathname atomically:YES];

希望这可以帮助 !

于 2015-01-30T14:40:41.867 回答
0

像其他人提到的那样,您的应用程序在沙盒环境中运行,您可以使用文档目录来存储您的应用程序可能使用的图像或其他资产,例如。根据用户喜好下载 offline-d 文件 -文件系统基础 - Apple 文档 - 使用哪个目录,用于存储应用程序特定文件

更新到 swift 5,您可以根据要求使用这些功能之一 -

func getDocumentsDirectory() -> URL {
    let paths = FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
    return paths[0]
}

func getCacheDirectory() -> URL {
        let paths = FileManager.default.urls(for: .cachesDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
        return paths[0]
    }

func getApplicationSupportDirectory() -> URL {
        let paths = FileManager.default.urls(for: .applicationSupportDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
        return paths[0]
    }

用法:

let urlPath = "https://jumpcloud.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/SSH-Keys.png" //Or string path to some URL of valid image, for eg.

if let url = URL(string: urlPath){
    let destination = getDocumentsDirectory().appendingPathComponent(url.lastPathComponent)
    do {
        let data = try Data(contentsOf: url) //Synchronous call, just as an example
        try data.write(to: destination)
    } catch _ {
        //Do something to handle the error
    }
}
于 2020-01-31T09:00:50.910 回答