java - 是什么导致 Tomcat 7 中出现 NotSerializableException？

Question

我的 DAO 实现在使用 Tomcat7 启动服务器时抛出不可序列化的异常。知道是什么原因造成的吗？我的其他 DAO 都没有这样做。

这是课程：

package com.project.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate;

import com.project.model.User;

public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO {
    private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;

    public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
        this.hibernateTemplate = new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
    }

    @Override
    public void saveUser(User user) {
        hibernateTemplate.saveOrUpdate(user);
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public List<User> listUser() {
        return hibernateTemplate.find("from User");
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public User getUserByID(long userID) {
        List<User> users= hibernateTemplate.find("from User where id = '" + userID + "'");
        return users.size() > 0 ? users.get(0) : null;
    }
}

这是我的配置：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
    <bean id="myDataSource" 
    class="org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
      <property name="driverClassName">
        <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
      </property>
      <property name="url">
        <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/context</value>
      </property>
      <property name="username">
        <value>someUser</value>
      </property>
      <property name="password">
        <value>somePassword</value>
      </property>
      <!-- Disable the second-level cache  -->
        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
    </bean>
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource" /> 
        <property name="annotatedClasses">
            <list>
                <value>com.project.model.User</value>
            </list>
        </property> 
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
        <props>
            <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
            <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
            <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
        </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="myUserDAO" class="com.project.dao.UserDAOImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean> 
</beans>

这是我的堆栈：

SEVERE: IOException while loading persisted sessions: java.io.WriteAbortedException: writing aborted; java.io.NotSerializableException: com.news.dao.UserDAOImpl
java.io.WriteAbortedException: writing aborted; java.io.NotSerializableException: com.project.dao.UserDAOImpl

at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1332)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.defaultReadFields(ObjectInputStream.java:1946)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readSerialData(ObjectInputStream.java:1870)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1752)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1328)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.defaultReadFields(ObjectInputStream.java:1946)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readSerialData(ObjectInputStream.java:1870)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1752)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1328)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.defaultReadFields(ObjectInputStream.java:1946)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readSerialData(ObjectInputStream.java:1870)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1752)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1328)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:350)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.readObject(StandardSession.java:1600)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.readObjectData(StandardSession.java:1073)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.doLoad(StandardManager.java:284)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.load(StandardManager.java:204)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.startInternal(StandardManager.java:470)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5241)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1033)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:774)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1033)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:291)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:727)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:620)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:431)

Caused by: java.io.NotSerializableException: com.project.dao.UserDAOImpl
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1164)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1518)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1483)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1400)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1158)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1518)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1483)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1400)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1158)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1518)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1483)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1400)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1158)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:330)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.writeObject(StandardSession.java:1676)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.writeObjectData(StandardSession.java:1090)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.doUnload(StandardManager.java:411)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.unload(StandardManager.java:353)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.stopInternal(StandardManager.java:497)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$4.run(StandardContext.java:5464)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5481)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.stopInternal(ContainerBase.java:1072)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.stopInternal(ContainerBase.java:1072)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.stopInternal(StandardService.java:502)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.stopInternal(StandardServer.java:748)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.stop(Catalina.java:693)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:654)
... 6 more
Jul 31, 2011 9:27:21 PM org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager startInternal

SEVERE: Exception loading sessions from persistent storage
java.io.WriteAbortedException: writing aborted; java.io.NotSerializableException: com.project.dao.UserDAOImpl
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1332)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.defaultReadFields(ObjectInputStream.java:1946)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readSerialData(ObjectInputStream.java:1870)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1752)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1328)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.defaultReadFields(ObjectInputStream.java:1946)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readSerialData(ObjectInputStream.java:1870)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1752)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1328)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.defaultReadFields(ObjectInputStream.java:1946)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readSerialData(ObjectInputStream.java:1870)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1752)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1328)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:350)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.readObject(StandardSession.java:1600)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.readObjectData(StandardSession.java:1073)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.doLoad(StandardManager.java:284)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.load(StandardManager.java:204)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.startInternal(StandardManager.java:470)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5241)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1033)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:774)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1033)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:291)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:727)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:620)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:431)

Caused by: java.io.NotSerializableException: com.project.dao.UserDAOImpl
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1164)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1518)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1483)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1400)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1158)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1518)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1483)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1400)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1158)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1518)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1483)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1400)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1158)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:330)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.writeObject(StandardSession.java:1676)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.writeObjectData(StandardSession.java:1090)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.doUnload(StandardManager.java:411)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.unload(StandardManager.java:353)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.stopInternal(StandardManager.java:497)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$4.run(StandardContext.java:5464)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5481)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.stopInternal(ContainerBase.java:1072)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.stopInternal(ContainerBase.java:1072)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.stopInternal(StandardService.java:502)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.stopInternal(StandardServer.java:748)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.stop(Catalina.java:693)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:654)
... 6 more

Answer 1

发生这种情况是因为在您的代码中的某处，您在会话中存储了一个 UserDAO（或者您正在存储一个引用了 UserDAO 的对象）。Tomcat 在您关闭时尝试序列化所有活动会话的完整对象图，然后在您重新启动时尝试恢复它们。关键在于 Tomcat 使用“普通”的 java 对象序列化，它要求所有对象都是Serializable.

如何补救：

1. 不要在用户会话中存储不可序列化的对象（通常是一个好习惯）。
2. 使您的 UserDAO 可序列化。可能涉及实现Serializable接口并将您的 hibernateTemplate 标记transient为我认为它HibernateTemplate本身不是可序列化的。如果您真的希望它工作，您可能必须添加一些代码来重新初始化反序列化的 hibernateTemplate。
3. 没有 Tomcat 序列化会话（添加<Manager pathname="" />到 context.xml，在您自己的应用程序中或在 conf/ 目录中的全局 tomcat context.xml 中，在<Context>元素内。这可能是您的最佳行动方案，除非您确实需要在重新启动时保持会话。

Answer 2

UserDaoImpl如果要对其进行序列化，则必须实现java.io.Serializable接口（您的堆栈跟踪表明尝试将类的实例写入对象流）。

要序列化的实例以及该实例的对象图中的所有对象都必须是可序列化的。

来自 Serializable 的 javadocs，

类的可序列化是通过实现 java.io.Serializable 接口的类来实现的……在遍历图时，可能会遇到不支持 Serializable 接口的对象。在这种情况下，NotSerializableException 将被抛出，并将识别不可序列化对象的类。

请注意，这些规则也有例外。我建议您阅读Java 对象序列化规范，以全面了解对象序列化何时发生以及如何避免 NotSerializableException。

Answer 3

这里的其他答案很好地解释了序列化。由于这是谷歌的第一个结果，我想添加真正帮助我解决问题的信息。

异常消息本身并不指示哪个类中的哪个字段导致了此问题。如果您不能使类可序列化并且需要添加瞬态关键字，以便 Java 不会尝试序列化字段，那么找出导致问题的字段可能会很棘手。

如果-Dsun.io.serialization.extendedDebugInfo=true在启动时将参数添加到 Java/Tomcat，异常将更加有用。以下是异常消息的示例：

java.io.NotSerializableException: za.co.abc.presentation.control.Three
 - field (class "za.co.abc.presentation.control.Two", name: "three", type: "class za.co.abc.presentation.control.Three")
 - object (class "za.co.abc.presentation.control.Two", za.co.abc.presentation.control.Two@fbbb20)
 - field (class "za.co.abc.presentation.control.One", name: "two", type: "class za.co.abc.presentation.control.Two")
 - object (class "za.co.abc.presentation.control.One", za.co.abc.presentation.control.One@17ee6c9)
 - field (class "za.co.abc.presentation.control.Trail", name: "one", type: "class za.co.abc.presentation.control.One")
 - root object (class "za.co.abc.presentation.control.Trail", {/click-tests/home.htm=home})

如果您确实使用瞬态关键字使字段不序列化，您可能必须在读取类时设置这些字段。您必须实现 readObject() 方法才能做到这一点。这是一个例子：

private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    // magically read all non-transient fields from input stream and populate their values
    in.defaultReadObject();

    someTransientField = new NotSerializableClass();
}