我能够使用 perl 版本 5.32.0 在 Ubuntu 21.04 上从源代码安装Wx 。我首先通过从源代码安装Alien::wxWidgets来安装 wxWidgets 库（来自 prdownloads.sourceforge.net/wxwindows/wxWidgets-3.0.2.tar.bz2 的版本 3.0.2）：
$ wget https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/M/MD/MDOOTSON/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf Alien-wxWidgets-0.69.tar.gz
$ cd Alien-wxWidgets-0.69.tar.gz
$ perl Makefile.PL
perl Makefile.PL
# running Build.PL
Do you want to fetch and build wxWidgets from sources? [no ]yes
Which wxWidgets version? (2.8.10, 2.8.11, 2.8.12, 2.9.0, 2.9.1, 2.9.2, 2.9.3, 2.9.4, 3.0.0, 3.0.1, 3.0.2) [3.0.2 ]
3.0.2
Which archive type? [tar.bz2 ]
tar.bz2
Do you want to include OpenGL support [no ]
no
Created MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Creating new 'Build' script for 'Alien-wxWidgets' version '0.69'
$ make
[...]
/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/bk-deps g++ -c -o gldll_glx11.o -I./.pch/wxprec_gldll -D__WXGTK__ -DWXBUILDING -I../src/regex -DWXUSINGDLL -DWXMAKINGDLL_GL -fPIC -DPIC -Wall -Wundef -Wunused-parameter -Wno-ctor-dtor-privacy -Woverloaded-virtual -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I../include -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -DWX_PRECOMP -pthread -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-unix-print-2.0 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden ../src/unix/glx11.cpp
g++ -shared -fPIC -o /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0.2.0 gldll_glcmn.o gldll_gtk_glcanvas.o gldll_glx11.o -L/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib -Wl,-soname,libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0 -pthread -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -latk-1.0 -lcairo -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpango-1.0 -lgobject-2.0 -lharfbuzz -lfontconfig -lfreetype -lgthread-2.0 -pthread -lglib-2.0 -lX11 -lSM -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -latk-1.0 -lcairo -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpango-1.0 -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 -lharfbuzz -lfontconfig -lfreetype -lpng -lz -ljpeg -ltiff -lwxregexu-3.0 -pthread -Wl,--version-script,/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/version-script -lz -ldl -lm -lwx_gtk2u_core-3.0 -lwx_baseu-3.0 -lGL -lGLU -lz -ldl -lm
(cd /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/; rm -f libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0.2.0 libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0 libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so)
(if test -f utils/wxrc/Makefile ; then cd utils/wxrc && make all ; fi)
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/bk-deps g++ -c -o wxrc_wxrc.o -D__WXGTK__ -I../../../utils/wxrc -DWXUSINGDLL -DwxUSE_GUI=0 -Wall -Wundef -Wunused-parameter -Wno-ctor-dtor-privacy -Woverloaded-virtual -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I../../../include -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -DWX_PRECOMP -pthread -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-unix-print-2.0 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden ../../../utils/wxrc/wxrc.cpp
g++ -o wxrc wxrc_wxrc.o -L/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib -pthread -lwx_baseu_xml-3.0 -lexpat -lwx_baseu-3.0 -lwxregexu-3.0 -pthread -Wl,--version-script,/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/version-script -lz -ldl -lm -lz -ldl -lm
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
$ make test
/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl Build --makefile_env_macros 1 test
t/01_load.t .......... ok
t/zy_pod_coverage.t .. ok
t/zz_pod.t ........... ok
All tests successful.
Files=3, Tests=15, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.01 usr 0.00 sys + 0.25 cusr 0.05 csys = 0.31 CPU)
Result: PASS
$ make install
/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl Build --makefile_env_macros 1 install
Building Alien-wxWidgets
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
(if test -f utils/wxrc/Makefile ; then cd utils/wxrc && make all ; fi)
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
make[2]: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
Files found in blib/arch: installing files in blib/lib into architecture dependent library tree
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
mkdir -p /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib
/bin/install -c -m 644 /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/libwx_baseu-3.0.so /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib
/bin/install -c /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0.2.0 /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib
(cd /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib ; rm -f libwx_baseu-3.0.so libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0.2.0 libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0 libwx_baseu-3.0.so)
[...]
done
------------------------------------------------------
The installation of wxWidgets is finished. On certain
platforms (e.g. Linux) you'll now have to run ldconfig
if you installed a shared library and also modify the
LD_LIBRARY_PATH (or equivalent) environment variable.
wxWidgets comes with no guarantees and doesn't claim
to be suitable for any purpose.
Read the wxWindows Licence on licencing conditions.
------------------------------------------------------
然后，我能够编译Wx：
$ wget https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/M/MD/MDOOTSON/Wx-0.9932.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf Wx-0.9932.tar.gz
$ cd Wx-0.9932
$ perl Makefile.PL
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
'WX' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Warning (mostly harmless): No library found for -lwx_gtk2u_webview-3.0
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Warning (mostly harmless): No library found for -lwx_gtk2u_media-3.0
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Generating a Unix-style Makefile
Writing Makefile for Wx
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
======================================================================
For installation instructions and further help please see
docs/INSTALL.pod
For command line switches help use:
perl Makefile.PL --help
======================================================================
$ make
[...]
g++ -pthread -c -I. -I.. -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/include/wx-3.0 -I. -I. -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/include/wx-3.0 -I. -I../.. -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/include/wx-3.0 -fwrapv -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector-strong -I/usr/local/include -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O2 -DVERSION=\"0.01\" -DXS_VERSION=\"0.01\" -fPIC "-I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/CORE" -DWXPL_EXT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -DWXUSINGDLL -D__WXGTK__ -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -DWXUSINGDLL -D__WXGTK__ -DWXPL_EXT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -DWXUSINGDLL -D__WXGTK__ XRC.c
rm -f ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/XRC/XRC.so
LD_RUN_PATH="/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib" g++ -shared -O2 -fstack-protector-strong XRC.o -o ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/XRC/XRC.so \
-L/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib -lpthread -lwx_gtk2u_xrc-3.0 -lwx_baseu_xml-3.0 -lwx_gtk2u_html-3.0 -lwx_gtk2u_adv-3.0 -lwx_gtk2u_core-3.0 -lwx_baseu-3.0 \
[...]
但最初运行测试失败了。由于某种原因，Perl 生成的共享对象中嵌入的运行路径无法帮助动态加载器找到 wx 库的位置。所以我需要明确设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH：
$ perl -MAlien::wxWidgets -E 'say Alien::wxWidgets->prefix'
/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni
$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib make test
"/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" -MExtUtils::Command::MM -e 'cp_nonempty' -- DataView.bs ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/DataView/DataView.bs 644
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../blib/lib', '../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t ......... ok
t/02_inheritance.t .. ok
t/03_threads.t ...... skipped: no threads
t/08_ovl_func.t ..... ok
All tests successful.
Files=4, Tests=25, 1 wallclock secs ( 0.02 usr 0.00 sys + 0.25 cusr 0.03 csys = 0.30 CPU)
Result: PASS
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/dataview'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/docview'
"/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" -MExtUtils::Command::MM -e 'cp_nonempty' -- DocView.bs ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/DocView/DocView.bs 644
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../blib/lib', '../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t ......... ok
t/02_inheritance.t .. ok
[...]
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/carp'
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../../blib/lib', '../../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t .. ok
All tests successful.
Files=1, Tests=1, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.01 usr 0.01 sys + 0.08 cusr 0.00 csys = 0.10 CPU)
Result: PASS
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/carp'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/textval'
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../../blib/lib', '../../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t .. ok
All tests successful.
Files=1, Tests=1, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.01 usr 0.00 sys + 0.07 cusr 0.02 csys = 0.10 CPU)
Result: PASS
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/textval'
No tests defined for Wx::Perl extension.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl'
No tests defined for Wx extension.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext'
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t ........... ok
t/02_inheritance.t .... ok
t/03_event.t .......... ok
t/04_userdata.t ....... ok
t/05_timer.t .......... ok
t/06_loadxpm.t ........ ok
t/07_overload.t ....... ok
t/08_ovl_func.t ....... ok
t/09_create_delete.t .. ok
t/10_oor.t ............ ok
t/11_twostage.t ....... ok
t/12_pod.t ............ skipped: Author tests
t/13_nbksizer.t ....... ok
t/14_eh_die.t ......... ok
t/15_threads.t ........ skipped: no threads
t/16_stream.t ......... ok
t/17_thread_evt.t ..... skipped: no threads
t/18_unicode.t ........ ok
t/19_overlay.t ........ ok
t/20_ctx_threads.t .... skipped: no threads
t/21_locale.t ......... ok
t/22_interface.t ...... ok
t/zz_distrib.t ........ skipped: Author tests
All tests successful.
Test Summary Report
-------------------
t/04_userdata.t (Wstat: 0 Tests: 65 Failed: 0)
TODO passed: 25, 49, 57
Files=23, Tests=770, 6 wallclock secs ( 0.12 usr 0.02 sys + 1.82 cusr 0.52 csys = 2.48 CPU)
Result: PASS
然后我可以安装它：
$ make install
$ perl -E 'use Wx; say "It works"'
It works