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我已经在一台新笔记本电脑（在 MacOS Catalina 上运行）上下载了一个旧的 repo，并尝试运行一个 R 脚本。

回购有一个 renv 锁定文件 - 意思是，我应该能够恢复所有依赖项。

但是当我运行renv::restore()命令时，会出现以下错误消息：

Installing pbapply [1.4-3] ...
    OK [linked cache]
Installing mvtnorm [1.1-2] ...
    FAILED
Error installing package 'mvtnorm':
===================================

* installing to library ‘~/renv/staging/2’
* installing *source* package ‘mvtnorm’ ...
** package ‘mvtnorm’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** libs
clang -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG   -I/usr/local/include   -fPIC  -Wall -g -O2  -c C_FORTRAN_interface.c -o C_FORTRAN_interface.o
clang -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG   -I/usr/local/include   -fPIC  -Wall -g -O2  -c miwa.c -o miwa.o
gfortran   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c mvt.f -o mvt.o
clang -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG   -I/usr/local/include   -fPIC  -Wall -g -O2  -c mvtnorm-init.c -o mvtnorm-init.o
gfortran   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c tvpack.f -o tvpack.o
clang -dynamiclib -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -undefined dynamic_lookup -single_module -multiply_defined suppress -L/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib -L/usr/local/lib -o mvtnorm.so C_FORTRAN_interface.o miwa.o mvt.o mvtnorm-init.o tvpack.o -L/usr/local/gfortran/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin15/6.1.0 -L/usr/local/gfortran/lib -lgfortran -lquadmath -lm -F/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/.. -framework R -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin15/6.1.0'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib'
ld: library not found for -lgfortran
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [mvtnorm.so] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘mvtnorm’
* removing ‘~/renv/staging/2/mvtnorm’
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
R was unable to find one or more FORTRAN libraries during compilation.
This often implies that the FORTRAN compiler has not been properly configured.
Please see https://stackoverflow.com/q/35999874 for more information.

Reason(s):
- 'ld: library not found for -lgfortran'
Error: install of package 'mvtnorm' failed [error code 1]
Traceback (most recent calls last):
13: renv::restore()
12: renv_restore_run_actions(project, diff, current, lockfile, rebuild)
11: renv_install(records)
10: renv_install_staged(records)
 9: renv_install_default(records)
 8: handler(package, renv_install_impl(record))
 7: renv_install_impl(record)
 6: withCallingHandlers(renv_install_package_local(record), error = function(e) {
        vwritef("\tFAILED")
        writef(e$output)
    })
 5: renv_install_package_local(record)
 4: renv_install_package_local_impl(package, path)
 3: r_cmd_install(package, path)
 2: r_exec_error(package, output, "install", status)
 1: stop(error)

我无法理解错误消息中的链接（此处复制：Mac OS XR error "ld: warning: directory not found for option"）。

从我的问题搜索中，我遇到了一些超出我的 R 知识水平的可能解决方案，例如：

这里的一些指导将不胜感激。如果您需要任何其他信息，请告诉我（第一次在这里发布）。

提前致谢！

解决方案

从此页面下载并安装“gfortran-6.1.pkg（OS X 10.11+，签名，64 位）”：https ://cran.r-project.org/bin/macosx/tools/

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