我正在尝试使用 ames 住房数据集中的数字和分类特征来评估决策树模型的准确性。对于数值特征的预处理，我使用了 SimpleImputer 和 StandardScalar。至于分类特征，我使用了一个热编码器。我尝试使用 10 折交叉验证来评估决策树模型（决策树回归器），但我得到了测试分数的 Nan 值。这是我的代码：
import pandas as pd
ames_housing = pd.read_csv("../datasets/house_prices.csv", na_values="?")
target_name = "SalePrice"
data = ames_housing.drop(columns=target_name)
target = ames_housing[target_name]
numerical_features = [
"LotFrontage", "LotArea", "MasVnrArea", "BsmtFinSF1", "BsmtFinSF2",
"BsmtUnfSF", "TotalBsmtSF", "1stFlrSF", "2ndFlrSF", "LowQualFinSF",
"GrLivArea", "BedroomAbvGr", "KitchenAbvGr", "TotRmsAbvGrd", "Fireplaces",
"GarageCars", "GarageArea", "WoodDeckSF", "OpenPorchSF", "EnclosedPorch",
"3SsnPorch", "ScreenPorch", "PoolArea", "MiscVal",]
data_numerical = data[numerical_features]
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_validate
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
from sklearn.pipeline import make_pipeline
from sklearn.compose import make_column_selector as selector
from sklearn.compose import make_column_transformer
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
categorical_columns = selector(dtype_include=object)(data)
numerical_columns = selector(dtype_exclude=object)(data)
preprocessor = make_column_transformer(
(OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown="ignore"), categorical_columns),
(StandardScaler(), SimpleImputer(), numerical_columns),
)
model = make_pipeline(preprocessor, DecisionTreeRegressor())
cv_results = cross_validate(
model, data, target, cv=10, return_estimator=True, n_jobs=2,
)
scores = cv_results["test_score"]
print(f"Accuracy score by cross-validation "
f"search:\n{scores.mean():.3f} +/- {scores.std():.3f}")
这是我得到的考试成绩：
Accuracy score by cross-validation search:
nan +/- nan
为了找出问题的根源，我在交叉验证中将 (error_score='raise') 作为参数传递。结果发现错误是：
ValueError: No valid specification of the columns. Only a scalar, list or slice of all integers
or all strings, or boolean mask is allowed
我该如何解决这个问题？任何帮助都感激不尽。谢谢 ：）
这是我的模型的样子：
Pipeline(steps=[('columntransformer',
ColumnTransformer(transformers=[('onehotencoder',
OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore'),
['MSZoning', 'Street',
'Alley', 'LotShape',
'LandContour', 'Utilities',
'LotConfig', 'LandSlope',
'Neighborhood', 'Condition1',
'Condition2', 'BldgType',
'HouseStyle', 'RoofStyle',
'RoofMatl', 'Exterior1st',
'Exterior2nd', 'MasVnrType',
'ExterQual', 'ExterCond',
'Foundation', 'BsmtQual',
'BsmtCond', 'BsmtExposure',
'BsmtFinType1',
'BsmtFinType2', 'Heating',
'HeatingQC', 'CentralAir',
'Electrical', ...]),
('standardscaler',
StandardScaler(),
SimpleImputer())])),
('decisiontreeregressor', DecisionTreeRegressor())])
数据：
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 1460 entries, 0 to 1459
Data columns (total 80 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 Id 1460 non-null int64
1 MSSubClass 1460 non-null int64
2 MSZoning 1460 non-null object
3 LotFrontage 1201 non-null float64
4 LotArea 1460 non-null int64
5 Street 1460 non-null object
6 Alley 91 non-null object
7 LotShape 1460 non-null object
8 LandContour 1460 non-null object
9 Utilities 1460 non-null object
10 LotConfig 1460 non-null object
11 LandSlope 1460 non-null object
12 Neighborhood 1460 non-null object
13 Condition1 1460 non-null object
14 Condition2 1460 non-null object
15 BldgType 1460 non-null object
16 HouseStyle 1460 non-null object
17 OverallQual 1460 non-null int64
18 OverallCond 1460 non-null int64
19 YearBuilt 1460 non-null int64
20 YearRemodAdd 1460 non-null int64
21 RoofStyle 1460 non-null object
22 RoofMatl 1460 non-null object
23 Exterior1st 1460 non-null object
24 Exterior2nd 1460 non-null object
25 MasVnrType 1452 non-null object
26 MasVnrArea 1452 non-null float64
27 ExterQual 1460 non-null object
28 ExterCond 1460 non-null object
29 Foundation 1460 non-null object
30 BsmtQual 1423 non-null object
31 BsmtCond 1423 non-null object
32 BsmtExposure 1422 non-null object
33 BsmtFinType1 1423 non-null object
34 BsmtFinSF1 1460 non-null int64
35 BsmtFinType2 1422 non-null object
36 BsmtFinSF2 1460 non-null int64
37 BsmtUnfSF 1460 non-null int64
38 TotalBsmtSF 1460 non-null int64
39 Heating 1460 non-null object
40 HeatingQC 1460 non-null object
41 CentralAir 1460 non-null object
42 Electrical 1459 non-null object
43 1stFlrSF 1460 non-null int64
44 2ndFlrSF 1460 non-null int64
45 LowQualFinSF 1460 non-null int64
46 GrLivArea 1460 non-null int64
47 BsmtFullBath 1460 non-null int64
48 BsmtHalfBath 1460 non-null int64
49 FullBath 1460 non-null int64
50 HalfBath 1460 non-null int64
51 BedroomAbvGr 1460 non-null int64
52 KitchenAbvGr 1460 non-null int64
53 KitchenQual 1460 non-null object
54 TotRmsAbvGrd 1460 non-null int64
55 Functional 1460 non-null object
56 Fireplaces 1460 non-null int64
57 FireplaceQu 770 non-null object
58 GarageType 1379 non-null object
59 GarageYrBlt 1379 non-null float64
60 GarageFinish 1379 non-null object
61 GarageCars 1460 non-null int64
62 GarageArea 1460 non-null int64
63 GarageQual 1379 non-null object
64 GarageCond 1379 non-null object
65 PavedDrive 1460 non-null object
66 WoodDeckSF 1460 non-null int64
67 OpenPorchSF 1460 non-null int64
68 EnclosedPorch 1460 non-null int64
69 3SsnPorch 1460 non-null int64
70 ScreenPorch 1460 non-null int64
71 PoolArea 1460 non-null int64
72 PoolQC 7 non-null object
73 Fence 281 non-null object
74 MiscFeature 54 non-null object
75 MiscVal 1460 non-null int64
76 MoSold 1460 non-null int64
77 YrSold 1460 non-null int64
78 SaleType 1460 non-null object
79 SaleCondition 1460 non-null object
dtypes: float64(3), int64(34), object(43)
memory usage: 912.6+ KB
目标：
0 208500
1 181500
2 223500
3 140000
4 250000
...
1455 175000
1456 210000
1457 266500
1458 142125
1459 147500
Name: SalePrice, Length: 1460, dtype: int64