关闭资源的方法是上下文管理器,也就是with
语句:
class Foo(object):
def __init__(self):
self.bar = None
def __enter__(self):
if self.bar != 'open':
print 'opening the bar'
self.bar = 'open'
return self # this is bound to the `as` part
def close(self):
if self.bar != 'closed':
print 'closing the bar'
self.bar = 'close'
def __exit__(self, *err):
self.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
with Foo() as foo:
print foo, foo.bar
输出:
opening the bar
<__main__.Foo object at 0x17079d0> open
closing the bar
2)当引用计数为 0 时,Python 的对象将被删除。在您的示例中,del foo
删除最后一个引用,因此__del__
会立即调用。GC 与此无关。
class Foo(object):
def __del__(self):
print "deling", self
if __name__ == '__main__':
import gc
gc.disable() # no gc
f = Foo()
print "before"
del f # f gets deleted right away
print "after"
输出:
before
deling <__main__.Foo object at 0xc49690>
after
与gc
删除您和大多数其他对象无关。当简单的引用计数由于自引用或循环引用而不起作用时,它可以清理:
class Foo(object):
def __init__(self, other=None):
# make a circular reference
self.link = other
if other is not None:
other.link = self
def __del__(self):
print "deling", self
if __name__ == '__main__':
import gc
gc.disable()
f = Foo(Foo())
print "before"
del f # nothing gets deleted here
print "after"
gc.collect()
print gc.garbage # The GC knows the two Foos are garbage, but won't delete
# them because they have a __del__ method
print "after gc"
# break up the cycle and delete the reference from gc.garbage
del gc.garbage[0].link, gc.garbage[:]
print "done"
输出:
before
after
[<__main__.Foo object at 0x22ed8d0>, <__main__.Foo object at 0x22ed950>]
after gc
deling <__main__.Foo object at 0x22ed950>
deling <__main__.Foo object at 0x22ed8d0>
done
3)让我们看看:
class Foo(object):
def __init__(self):
raise Exception
def __del__(self):
print "deling", self
if __name__ == '__main__':
f = Foo()
给出:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "asd.py", line 10, in <module>
f = Foo()
File "asd.py", line 4, in __init__
raise Exception
Exception
deling <__main__.Foo object at 0xa3a910>
创建对象,__new__
然后传递给__init__
as self
。在 中出现异常后__init__
,该对象通常没有名称(即该f =
部分未运行),因此它们的引用计数为 0。这意味着该对象被正常删除并被__del__
调用。