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我已经尝试过使用 struct 模块的方法,如我的代码中注释掉的行所示,但没有成功。基本上我有两个选择:我可以逐个编写二进制数据代码(我的代码是长度从 3 位到 13 位不等的位序列),或者转换整个 n 个字符的字符串(在这种情况下,n=25000+)为二进制数据。但我不知道如何实现这两种方法。代码:

import heapq
import binascii
import struct

def createFrequencyTupleList(inputFile):
    frequencyDic = {}

    intputFile = open(inputFile, 'r')
    for line in intputFile:
        for char in line:
            if char in frequencyDic.keys():
                frequencyDic[char] += 1
            else:
                frequencyDic[char] = 1

    intputFile.close()
    tupleList = []
    for myKey in frequencyDic:
        tupleList.append((frequencyDic[myKey],myKey))
    return tupleList

def createHuffmanTree(frequencyList):
    heapq.heapify(frequencyList)
    n = len(frequencyList)
    for i in range(1,n):
        left = heapq.heappop(frequencyList)
        right = heapq.heappop(frequencyList)
        newNode = (left[0] + right[0], left, right)
        heapq.heappush(frequencyList, newNode)
    return frequencyList[0]

def printHuffmanTree(myTree, someCode,prefix=''):
    if len(myTree) == 2:
        someCode.append((myTree[1] + "@" + prefix))
    else:
        printHuffmanTree(myTree[1], someCode,prefix + '0')
        printHuffmanTree(myTree[2], someCode,prefix + '1')

def parseCode(char, myCode):
    for k in myCode:
        if char == k[0]:
            return k[2:]


if __name__ == '__main__':
    myList = createFrequencyTupleList('input')
    myHTree = createHuffmanTree(myList)
    myCode = []
    printHuffmanTree(myHTree, myCode)
    inputFile = open('input', 'r')
    outputFile = open('encoded_file2', "w+b")
    asciiString = ''
    n=0
    for line in inputFile:
        for char in line:
            #outputFile.write(parseCode(char, myCode))
            asciiString += parseCode(char, myCode)
            n += len(parseCode(char, myCode))
    #values = asciiString
    #print n
    #s = struct.Struct('25216s')
    #packed_data = s.pack(values)
    #print packed_data
    inputFile.close()
    #outputFile.write(packed_data)
    outputFile.close()
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1 回答 1

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你正在寻找这个:

packed_data = ''.join(chr(int(asciiString[i:i+8], 2)) 
                         for i in range(0, len(asciiString), 8))

它将一次取 8 位,将asciiString其解释为整数,并输出相应的字节。

您的问题是,这需要长度为asciiString8 位的倍数才能正常工作。如果没有,您将在最后几个实际位之前插入零位。

因此,您需要将最后一个字节中的位数存储在某处,这样您就知道在取回它们时忽略这些位,而不是将它们解释为零。你可以试试:

packed_data = chr(len(asciiString) % 8) + packed_data

然后当你读回来时:

packed_input = coded_file.read()
last_byte_length, packed_input, last_byte = (packed_input[0], 
                                             packed_input[1:-1], 
                                             packed_input[-1])
if not last_byte_length: last_byte_length = 8
ascii_input = ''.join(chain((bin(ord(byte))[2:].zfill(8) for byte in packed_input),
                      tuple(bin(ord(last_byte))[2:].zfill(last_byte_length),)))
# OR
# ascii_input = ''.join(chain(('{0:0=8b}'.format(byte) for byte in packed_input),
#                       tuple(('{0:0=' + str(last_byte_length) + '8b}').format(last_byte),)))

编辑:您要么需要从返回的字符串中删除“0b”,bin()要么在 2.6 或更高版本上,最好使用我添加的新的替代版本,该版本使用字符串格式而不是bin()、切片和zfill().

编辑:感谢 eryksun,很好地使用链来避免复制 ASCII 字符串。另外,需要调用版本ord(byte)bin()

于 2011-07-21T04:54:20.327 回答