参考：
如何在 Oracle 18c XE 上使用 PDB 用户 ID 进行连接？
我正在尝试安装/配置的产品：OracleXE 18c
问题1：
尝试按照安装指南中的说明登录会返回如下所示的错误：
sqlplus / as sysdba
ORA-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
问题2：
以下命令在要求输入密码之前立即失败：
sqlplus system@localhost:1521/XEPDB1
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Enter user-name: system
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
问题3：
我尝试ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;了本文顶部引用的参考问题之一中提到的方法。命令成功完成。但是，按照此处STARTUP所述尝试运行
会导致错误：
SQL> startup;
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
SQL>
在 Windows 命令提示符下运行whoami会返回我的用户名，该用户名具有管理员权限，并且与用于安装 OracleXE 的用户名相同。
附加背景：
我可以按如下方式登录：
sqlplus system@localhost:1521
当我安装 Oracle XE 时，它创建了 tnsnames.ora 和 listner.oramymachine.mydomain.com用作主机。安装程序的完成屏幕告诉我使用 localhost:1521 登录，这不起作用。经过几个小时的研究，我发现如果我更改mymachine.mydomin.com为localhost
tnsnames.ora 和 listener.ora，我可以使用 system@localhost:1521 登录。然而，上述三个问题仍然存在。
按照上面引用的票证中的描述运行select value from v$parameter where name='service_names'仅返回一行：XE。它还应该为 XEPDB1 返回一行吗？
tnsnames.ora
XE =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = XE)
)
)
XEPDB1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = XEPDB1)
)
)
监听器.ora
DEFAULT_SERVICE_LISTENER = XE
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = C:\app\myname\product\18.0.0\dbhomeXE)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\app\myname\product\18.0.0\dbhomeXE\bin\oraclr18.dll")
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME=XE)
(ORACLE_HOME=C:\app\myname\product\18.0.0\dbhomeXE)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=XE)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME=XEPDB1)
(ORACLE_HOME=C:\app\myname\product\18.0.0\dbhomeXE)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=XEPDB1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
lsnrctl 状态
LSNRCTL for 64-bit Windows: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 23-APR-2021 15:55:00
Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for 64-bit Windows: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 23-APR-2021 12:09:44
Uptime 0 days 3 hr. 45 min. 16 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Default Service XE
Listener Parameter File C:\OracleClient\listener.ora
Listener Log File C:\app\myname\product\18.0.0\diag\tnslsnr\mymachine\listener\alert\log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1521ipc)))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "XE" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "XE", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "XEPDB1" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "XEPDB1", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
sqlnet.ora
# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: C:\OracleClient\sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)