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查询本身是正确的，我能够获得原始查询集。我需要将其转换为查询集以进行进一步处理，并且我面临以下错误。

创建相应的 django 查询对我来说很难，这就是我创建 SQL 查询、获取原始查询集并现在尝试将其转换为查询集以进行进一步处理的原因。

为了匿名，我更改了模型和表名。

queryset = Test1.objects.filter(id__in=RawSQL("SELECT DISTINCT ON (test1.start_time, test1.id) test1.id, test1.name, test1.start_time FROM test1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM test2 JOIN test3 ON test2.test3_id = test3.id AND test3.value = '{param}' JOIN test4 ON test2.test4_id = test4.id AND test4.test1_id = test1.id) ORDER BY test1.start_time DESC".format(param=val)))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: __init__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'params'

这是格式化的原始查询

SELECT
  DISTINCT ON (test1.start_time, test1.id) test1.id,
  test1.name,
  test1.start_time
FROM
  test1
WHERE
  EXISTS (
    SELECT
      *
    FROM
      test2
      JOIN test3 ON test2.test3_id = test3.id
      AND test3.value = '{param}'
      JOIN test4 ON test2.test4_id = test4.id
      AND test4.test1_id = test1.id
  )
ORDER BY
  test1.start_time DESC.format(param = val)
)
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