我有路线的经度和纬度，并且有一个 table( route_info)，其列为feature_id, route_id, coordinates,region
| 特征标识 | route_id | 坐标 | 地区 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 43829103 | 5467 | [[long,lat],[long,lat]....[long,lat]] | 不适用 |
现在我想编写一个 sql 查询，它只返回coordinates交叉、重叠或接触路线经度和纬度的行。
我试过：
一个 SQL 查询，将列出所有路线、一个坐标落下或最接近该坐标的路线
以及其他一些堆栈答案...
谁能帮我写sql查询？
可以使用直接 2D 几何线算法检测路线重叠和交叉点，但是根据路线的规模和数据的准确性，2D 几何图形可能会错过点之间的许多物理交叉点，或者可能会错过非常接近相交的线，就像宽阔道路的两侧，但实际上并不重叠。
一旦数据被转换为多边形，我们可以使用标准的相交函数来确定形状是否与输入相交或完全包含在输入中。
这张图片解释了我们想要检测的内容，浅紫色的形状是绿色的输入，深紫色的形状显示了route_info数据库中的两个 s，最终的解决方案应该选择较暗的形状，因为它包含在输入中：
在路线周围不使用缓冲区的空间解决方案：
SELECT feature_id, route_id, RouteLine
FROM @route_info
-- transpose into WKT
CROSS APPLY (SELECT WKT = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(coordinates, '[[', '('), ']]',')'),'],[','~ '),',', ' '),'~',',')) as Points
CROSS APPLY (SELECT RouteLine = geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING ' + Points.WKT,4326)) as Shapes
WHERE @inputPolygon.STIntersects(RouteLine) = 1
理想情况下，如果我们要与名为您的列进行比较，coordinates则应首先预处理您的输入，使其与coordinates我们将要转换的类型和结构相同或相同coordinates。
以下解决方案是使用 MS SQL 语法实现的，因为大多数 RDBMS 实现了类似的空间功能，您应该能够将这些概念转换或转置到您选择的 RDBMS。
MS SQL 没有数组列类型，因此对于此解决方案，我们将解释coordinates为类似于 GeoJSON 的逗号分隔纵坐标对字符串，让我们将输入按摩到相同的字符串中：
DECLARE @input varchar(max) = '[[-122.15563,47.67868],[-122.15561,47.67832],[-122.15561,47.67823],[-122.1556,47.67814],[-122.1556,47.67796],[-122.15558,47.67762],[-122.15558,47.67742],[-122.15556,47.67724],[-122.15629,47.67748],[-122.15653,47.67755],[-122.15701,47.67771],[-122.15749,47.67785],[-122.15754,47.67786],[-122.1611,47.67903],[-122.1614,47.67914],[-122.16214,47.67937],[-122.16234,47.67942],[-122.16242,47.67943],[-122.16259,47.67947],[-122.1627,47.67948],[-122.16281,47.6795],[-122.1631,47.67953],[-122.16391,47.67956],[-122.16409,47.6795],[-122.16681,47.67946],[-122.16699,47.67945],[-122.16871,47.67943],[-122.16883,47.67942],[-122.17017,47.67941],[-122.17036,47.6794],[-122.17096,47.6794],[-122.17214,47.67937],[-122.17219,47.67938],[-122.17229,47.67941],[-122.17275,47.67942],[-122.17297,47.67941],[-122.17332,47.67941],[-122.17339,47.6794],[-122.17712,47.67935],[-122.17759,47.67933],[-122.18236,47.67928],[-122.18247,47.67927],[-122.18517,47.67922],[-122.18547,47.67927],[-122.18558,47.67928],[-122.18569,47.6793],[-122.18573,47.6793],[-122.18577,47.67932],[-122.18582,47.67933],[-122.18592,47.67937],[-122.18607,47.67946],[-122.18612,47.6795],[-122.18616,47.67954],[-122.18625,47.67967],[-122.18626,47.6797],[-122.18626,47.67971],[-122.18628,47.67976],[-122.18629,47.67983],[-122.18629,47.6799],[-122.18628,47.67995],[-122.18624,47.68006],[-122.18615,47.68018],[-122.1861,47.68023],[-122.18597,47.68032],[-122.18586,47.68036],[-122.18582,47.68037],[-122.18577,47.68039],[-122.18572,47.68039],[-122.18566,47.6804],[-122.18551,47.6804],[-122.18532,47.68037],[-122.18526,47.68034],[-122.18521,47.68032],[-122.18513,47.68027],[-122.18507,47.68022],[-122.185,47.68015 ],[-122.18496,47.68004],[-122.18496,47.67998],[-122.18495,47.67985],[-122.18495,47.67978],[-122.18492,47.67964],[-122.18495,47.67887],[-122.18492,47.67863],[-122.18489,47.67742],[-122.1849,47.67711],[-122.18491,47.67705],[-122.18492,47.6769],[-122.18495,47.67666],[-122.185,47.67641 ],[-122.18531,47.67536],[-122.18587,47.67415],[-122.18589,47.67401],[-122.18589,47.67392],[-122.18586,47.67382],[-122.18591,47.67375],[-122.18658,47.67242],[-122.18674,47.67206],[-122.18689,47.67167],[-122.18703,47.67113],[-122.18709,47.67085],[-122.18713,47.67061],[-122.18717,47.67018],[-122.18717,47.66626],[-122.18718,47.66607],[-122.18718,47.66322],[-122.18716,47.66231],[-122.18717,47.66223],[-122.18719,47.66014],[-122.18721,47.65954],[-122.18721,47.65135],[-122.18722,47.65096],[-122.18721,47.649 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然后我们需要将其转换为 MS SQL 可以解释的 WKT 语法，因为这是一条简单的折线，这可以通过简单的字符串替换来实现：
DECLARE @inputPoints varchar(max) = (SELECT REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@input, '[[', '('), ']]',')'),'],[','~ '),',', ' '),'~',','))
我们需要使用该函数将此WKT转换为Geography数据类型，STGeomFromText以便我们可以访问地理空间函数。在此注意，对于样本集，必须使用该MakeValid函数来清理点并使它们有效。
我没有费心去追踪输入集中的无效点，但是这个函数确保我们有一个有效的Geography类型值。
SELECT geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING ' + @inputPoints,4326).MakeValid()
最后我们应该在这条线上添加缓冲区，在本例中添加了 200m 以处理常见的 GPS 和地图软件的不准确性：
在 MS SQL 中，我们可以使用该
STBuffer函数将线扩展为沿线外边缘具有给定半径的多边形。
DECLARE @inputPolygon GEOGRAPHY = (SELECT geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING ' + @inputPoints,4326).MakeValid().STBuffer(200))
以下是输入路径的图形表示，显示了在缓冲区多边形顶部分层的线：
首先准备route_info，对于 MS SQL，我们可以使用表变量：
INSERT INTO @route_info (feature_id, route_id, coordinates, region)
VALUES
(829103, 5467, '[[-122.15321853719847,47.704257161120964],[-122.15242683312687,47.704287625949426],[-122.15141115331853,47.7042659242787],[-122.151002599546,47.704239491474524],[-122.15056519354913,47.70424294443106],[-122.13656243672308,47.702561868535334],[-122.1367167103278,47.70265034379374],[-122.13680546685777,47.7026652682439],[-122.1368750582949,47.70265015370357],[-122.13702313144782,47.702580694018444],[-122.13713370249233,47.70257592730222],[-122.13720512357425,47.7026017527707],[-122.13725529640807,47.70264271957269],[-122.13729225849197,47.702707475376954],[-122.13731393561761,47.70279150335102],[-122.13730102987266,47.70289246802932],[-122.13722159699756,47.70294178092878],[-122.1364904689167,47.70294221368222],[-122.13642514781414,47.70295751571461],[-122.13637993727195,47.70299336765046],[-122.13633905254707,47.70317105588839],[-122.13625438532652,47.703359666327856],[-122.13620260073597,47.703693694687885],[-122.13619610763965,47.70392886034481],[-122.13620895687168,47.703971865864446],[-122.1362493151447,47.70400863193401],[-122.1363896904285,47.70404370360903],[-122.13970203897256,47.70408418133381],[-122.1407600289385,47.704111151624296],[-122.1426384264584,47.704111059333144],[-122.14381921122735,47.70412820672761],[-122.15301277888531,47.70431632368074],[-122.15351493064163,47.70427606229016],[-122.154307459918,47.7041156287491],[-122.1543555360334,47.70408410669192],[-122.1543757399256,47.704040152597926],[-122.15436369136117,47.70398504303041],[-122.15429004659003,47.70385569752873],[-122.15429915650301,47.70381888617188],[-122.15433814533942,47.70379881492536],[-122.15425006442979,47.70381261354941]]', 'NA'),
(6745232,326723,'[[-122.20924225131948,47.63654068853021],[-122.20959886607366,47.63653055079782],[-122.20974461687068,47.636562405529034],[-122.20978418964306,47.63655047942522],[-122.20979964243297,47.636523489048756],[-122.20978170686948,47.63649643636931],[-122.20973941694002,47.63648583784396],[-122.20957742365101,47.63650714825016],[-122.20813297490652,47.636536168929894],[-122.20748075569423,47.6365355316734],[-122.207174975492,47.636513142978096],[-122.20711380102775,47.63652772092295],[-122.20707006498203,47.636586399453115],[-122.20705138718169,47.636725649992684],[-122.20706284893252,47.63757463185574],[-122.20704951054438,47.63779018707944],[-122.20699410946716,47.637858208247394],[-122.20684382013624,47.637896365219255],[-122.20660452907042,47.63790319071946],[-122.20633108303164,47.63786570217268],[-122.20592957408878,47.637710543964204],[-122.20569931910303,47.63757262203018],[-122.20557716782696,47.63753764971581],[-122.20546128730268,47.63752515144605],[-122.20526062476505,47.63755765532653],[-122.20493418858695,47.63771227215794],[-122.2047391216572,47.637773866184816],[-122.20453932574736,47.637801463880876],[-122.20397364787053,47.637833195194226],[-122.20330033675143,47.63799764142429],[-122.20309714585967,47.6379842551224],[-122.20276767011075,47.63789392487174],[-122.20262164922863,47.63786884662702],[-122.20223427927411,47.63785874816519],[-122.20186163360707,47.637822841084486],[-122.20175206631733,47.63783995519987],[-122.20169689590504,47.637894509808234],[-122.20165566130295,47.63801576063718],[-122.20159911810678,47.63856511432317],[-122.20154414065408,47.63888786934801],[-122.20142774750526,47.639342155284794],[-122.20114261230658,47.64026520294354],[-122.20109330127268,47.640496982000336],[-122.20105933196454,47.64078151003597],[-122.20106617102937,47.64113115540817],[-122.20111831338298,47.64144853105318],[-122.20119376361536,47.64169322669468],[-122.2014888144561,47.64245752424735],[-122.20156107847986,47.64272875390125],[-122.20161975816703,47.64304741442819],[-122.20165869561491,47.64350424418403],[-122.20166679752015,47.64454553482995],[-122.20169632970385,47.645506944816425],[-122.2017156216216,47.64569422759733],[-122.20175502624184,47.64587643577226],[-122.20188110639896,47.64622871559883],[-122.20206420858327,47.6465447492725],[-122.2025276360524,47.64714725115876],[-122.20338476740731,47.6481633856046],[-122.20354489926464,47.648410193307626],[-122.2036550582623,47.64867026491107],[-122.20372093859676,47.649008423147336],[-122.20391248872879,47.650446636625254],[-122.20399631309941,47.650707231054525],[-122.2041735502516,47.651119365503284],[-122.2042413147393,47.65139907093974],[-122.20460337483819,47.65477168692145],[-122.20473954049076,47.65627131409287],[-122.20477686907459,47.65651936484553],[-122.20487024338726,47.65678795778948],[-122.20500317590171,47.6570160946326],[-122.20513676190754,47.657175625566666],[-122.20560392340805,47.65763051719512],[-122.20572791087662,47.65780612310151],[-122.20580873861486,47.65798908534502],[-122.20622107641682,47.659688009036735],[-122.20649664831528,47.66106057325448],[-122.20671870691307,47.66181878278846],[-122.20701910303578,47.66294342367798],[-122.20711937001822,47.66341887745007],[-122.20717512716497,47.66394067032207],[-122.20718341342948,47.66454865555046],[-122.2071127220163,47.66517599597976],[-122.20685379615783,47.66632632397425],[-122.20680113248211,47.66671746066995],[-122.20678556293049,47.667025592162354],[-122.20680172266444,47.668480643053144],[-122.2067521184863,47.668975064094404],[-122.20669013766285,47.66925356990899],[-122.2065719452186,47.669632717649165],[-122.20636376061138,47.67011248235685],[-122.20616177596536,47.67044335133318],[-122.20578844807633,47.67091259541408],[-122.20566997410495,47.671123126348625],[-122.20560325572075,47.67127749132394],[-122.20554602774469,47.67147855140464],[-122.20551857005424,47.671642497368886],[-122.20543763103393,47.67276419226535],[-122.20546334265991,47.67300413760042],[-122.20554937848094,47.67327378050489],[-122.20632663552921,47.67502797436773],[-122.20653661780949,47.67547834265503],[-122.20679451843698,47.675960428305196],[-122.20688078632692,47.67619368451809],[-122.20702562951813,47.67646400568915],[-122.20703281589105,47.67651630969306],[-122.20700229921094,47.676561088935436],[-122.20692222019092,47.676598249424806],[-122.20674068013304,47.676644561345384],[-122.2030600580312,47.67746018011528],[-122.20194043612139,47.67778574872449],[-122.19827504473534,47.678914970387176],[-122.19775492243565,47.67906135279002],[-122.1971054234946,47.67919073809623],[-122.19654331768065,47.679276258678776],[-122.19591556585145,47.679335226327886],[-122.19522147419596,47.67937088456765],[-122.19253748762337,47.67942059747874],[-122.19174301855095,47.67941341165099],[-122.19102604222066,47.67938292679486],[-122.18728450859103,47.67915210068492],[-122.18662946463355,47.67912936271692],[-122.18490129238687,47.679165443101375],[-122.1825531141693,47.67918003037603],[-12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与输入一样，route_info表中的数据需要转换为 WKT，然后转换为Geography表示，使用与输入相同的函数。
SELECT feature_id, route_id, RouteBuffer
FROM @route_info
-- transpose into WKT
CROSS APPLY (SELECT WKT = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(coordinates, '[[', '('), ']]',')'),'],[','~ '),',', ' '),'~',',')) as Points
-- Create the Geography Line and the Buffer Polygon from WKT
CROSS APPLY (SELECT RouteBuffer = geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING ' + Points.WKT,4326).STBuffer(50)) as Shapes
这会产生这两个多边形：
我们可以将它与输入参数结合以显示所有覆盖的路线，但我们真正想做的只是选择该route_info相交中的记录，因此我们可以使用以下STIntersects()函数：
SELECT feature_id, route_id, RouteBuffer
FROM @route_info
-- transpose into WKT
CROSS APPLY (SELECT WKT = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(coordinates, '[[', '('), ']]',')'),'],[','~ '),',', ' '),'~',',')) as Points
CROSS APPLY (SELECT RouteBuffer = geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING ' + Points.WKT,4326).STBuffer(50)) as Shapes
WHERE @inputPolygon.STIntersects(RouteBuffer) = 1
对于这个查询，我特意使用了 50m 的较小缓冲区半径
route_info来显示所有覆盖在tldr部分的图像中的路线。但是您可以配置缓冲，或者根据您的需要完全省略它
这导致单行：
这个特定的数据集可以在没有缓冲区的情况下工作，因为点直接相交，但是路线可能不与高精度坐标相交的常见情况是路线共享相同的主干道或高速公路，但使用它的相对侧，导致边缘路线平行，但实际上并未相遇。
STBuffer常用于查询中，您希望查找位于给定路线旁边或附近的兴趣点，但POI的点并不直接位于路线上，这在路线沿着高速公路时很常见。将缓冲区应用到路线一次，而不是故意扩展所有 POI 记录的点以查看它们是否重叠，是一种更有效的查询。
与较大的结果集进行比较时，使用STBuffer具有额外的好处，添加适当的缓冲区可以平滑或近似形状的边界，对于某些类型的索引和空间查询，这可以显着改善查询，因为它减少了顶点，好处是最好通过将缓冲区形状存储在数据库中并在该列上应用空间索引而不是每次为每个行比较计算它来实现。