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我正在尝试实现函数 (1) 以在结构数组中按名称查找特定产品。p_array 是包含 n 个产品的结构数组,search_key 是指向具有搜索结构名称的字符串的指针 cmp 是指向我已实现的另一个函数 (2) 的指针。

/* (1) */
const Product* findProduct(const Product* p_array, const char* search_key, int (*cmp)(const void*, const void*))
{
    return bsearch(&search_key, p_array, 100, sizeof(Product), cmp);
    
}

/* (2) */
int compareAlpha(const void* a, const void* b)
{
    const struct Product *shop_a = a;
    const struct Product *shop_b = b;

    int ret = strcmp(shop_a->name,shop_b->name);
    
    return ret;
}

我有以下问题:

  1. 我想不出办法找出 p_array 的长度
  2. 启动程序导致分段错误,我不知道为什么

我的主要功能是:

void printProducts(Product* array)
{
    int i = 0;
    while(array[i].name[0] != 0)
    {
        printf("product: %s\tprice: %f\t in stock: %d\n", array[i].name, array[i].price, array[i].in_stock);
        i++;
    }
}

int main()
{
    Product array[6] = {
    {"peanut butter", 1.2,  5},
    {"cookies",      12.3, 23},
    {"cereals",       3.2, 12},
    {"bread",     2.7, 12},
    {"butter",    4.2,  5},
    {"\0",      0.0, 0}
    };

    qsort(array, 5, sizeof(Product), compareAlpha);
    printf("sorted lexically:\n");
    printProducts(array);
    
    const Product* search = findProduct(array, "cookies", compareAlpha);
    if(search)
    {
        printf("Found product:\n");
        printf("%s\n", search->name);
    }

    qsort(array, 5, sizeof(Product), compareNum);
    printf("sorted by in stock:\n");
    printProducts(array);

    return 0;
}

想要的输出是

sorted lexically:
product: bread price: 2.700000 in stock: 12
product: butter price: 4.200000 in stock: 5
product: cereals price: 3.200000 in stock: 12
product: cookies price: 12.300000 in stock: 23
product: peanut butter price: 1.200000 in stock: 5
Found product:
cookies
Product not found!
sorted by in stock:
product: cookies price: 12.300000 in stock: 23
product: bread price: 2.700000 in stock: 12
product: cereals price: 3.200000 in stock: 12
product: butter price: 4.200000 in stock: 5
product: peanut butter price: 1.200000 in stock: 5
4

1 回答 1

2

您的代码中有几个错误:

  1. compareAlpha()在您的函数中无法进行转换。你应该改为写const struct Product* shop_a = (const struct Product*)a;
  2. 在您的printProducts()函数中,您应该将array[i].name[0]null 字符'\0'而不是 0 进行比较,即 while(array[i].name[0] != '\0')
  3. array在函数中传递参数printProducts(),会生成警告。您将其声明array为静态数组而不是指针(尽管它是固有实现的并且可以作为指针访问),这会产生警告。你应该像这样传递它void printProducts(Product array[])
  4. findProduct()函数中,当您调用该bsearch()函数时,您将参数传递给 search as &search_key。您应该改为不通过&.
  5. 的返回类型findProduct()应该是void*而不是const Product*因为bsearch()函数的返回类型是void*。因此,在从函数获得返回值后 findProduct(),您需要将其类型转换为const Product*.
  6. 您在某些地方使用类型时没有使用struct关键字。Product在 c++ 中,它是可选的,但在 C 中是强制性的。

  1. 我想不出办法找出 p_array 的长度

您可以像这样找到数组的大小,int size = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);但不建议这样做,因为它取决于编译器。


  1. 启动程序导致分段错误,我不知道为什么

以下是已纠正所有上述错误/警告的完整工作代码。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct Product{
    char name[100];
    double price;
    int in_stock;
};

int compareAlpha(const void* a, const void* b)
{
    const struct Product* shop_a = (const struct Product*)a;
    const struct Product* shop_b = (const struct Product*)b;

    int ret = strcmp(shop_a->name, shop_b->name);

    return ret;
}

int compareNum(const void* a, const void* b)
{
    const struct Product* shop_a = (const struct Product*)a;
    const struct Product* shop_b = (const struct Product*)b;

    int ret = shop_a->in_stock <= shop_b->in_stock;

    return ret;
}

void* findProduct(struct Product p_array[], const char* search_key, int (*cmp)(const void*, const void*))
{
    return bsearch(search_key, (void*)p_array, 5, sizeof(struct Product), cmp);

}



void printProducts(struct Product array[])
{
    int i = 0;
    while(array[i].name[0] != '\0')
    {
        printf("product: %s\tprice: %f\t in stock: %d\n", array[i].name, array[i].price, array[i].in_stock);
        i++;
    }
}

int main()
{
    struct Product array[6] = {
        {"peanut butter", 1.2,  5},
        {"cookies",      12.3, 23},
        {"cereals",       3.2, 12},
        {"bread",     2.7, 12},
        {"butter",    4.2,  5},
        {"\0",      0.0, 0}
    };

    qsort(array, 5, sizeof(struct Product), compareAlpha);
    printf("sorted lexically:\n");
    printProducts(array);

    const struct Product* search = (const struct Product*)findProduct(array, "cookies", compareAlpha);
    if(search)
    {
        printf("Found product:\n");
        printf("%s\n", search->name);
    }else{
        printf("Product not found!\n");
    }

    qsort(array, 5, sizeof(struct Product), compareNum);
    printf("sorted by in stock:\n");
    printProducts(array);

    return 0;
}
于 2021-03-28T00:32:29.387 回答