我使用以下代码片段创建了一个使用 tf.data 进行语音识别的数据管道:
def get_waveform_and_label(file_path):
label = tf.strings.split(file_path, os.path.sep)[-2]
audio_binary = tf.io.read_file(file_path)
audio, _ = tf.audio.decode_wav(audio_binary)
waveform = tf.squeeze(audio, axis=-1)
return waveform, label
def get_spectrogram(waveform):
# Padding for files with less than 16000 samples
# Generate zeros w.r.t how many the waveform lacks
zero_padding = tf.zeros([16000] - tf.shape(waveform), dtype=tf.float32)
# Concatenate audio with padding so that all audio clips will be of the same length
waveform = tf.cast(waveform, tf.float32)
waveform = tf.concat([waveform, zero_padding], 0)
spectrogram = tf.signal.stft(waveform, frame_length=255, frame_step=128)
spectrogram = tf.abs(spectrogram)
return spectrogram
def get_spectrogram_and_label_id(audio, label):
spectrogram = get_spectrogram(audio)
spectrogram = tf.expand_dims(spectrogram, -1)
label_id = tf.argmax(label == np.array(labels))
label_onehot = tf.one_hot(label_id, len(labels))
return spectrogram, label_onehot
files_ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(files)
waveform_ds = files_ds.map(get_waveform_and_label, num_parallel_calls=tf.data.AUTOTUNE)
spectrogram_ds = waveform_ds.map(get_spectrogram_and_label_id, num_parallel_calls=tf.data.AUTOTUNE)
这些片段是从https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/audio/simple_audio#build_and_train_the_model借来的。
我的模型定义如下:
import tensorflow as tf
inputs = tf.keras.layers.Input(shape=(input_shape))
x = tf.keras.layers.BatchNormalization()(inputs)
x = tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(8,13, padding='same', activation='relu', strides=1)(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(3)(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.4)(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.BatchNormalization()(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(32, 11, padding='same', activation='relu', strides=1)(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(3)(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.4)(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.BatchNormalization()(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(256, 9, padding='same', activation='relu', strides=1)(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(3)(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.4)(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.BatchNormalization()(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Flatten()(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation='relu')(x)
outputs = tf.keras.layers.Dense(len(labels), activation="softmax")(x)
model = tf.keras.models.Model(inputs, outputs)
model.compile(loss="categorical_crossentropy",
optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(),
metrics=['accuracy'])
model.summary()
当我开始训练过程时,这个错误会在几次迭代后出现:
> InvalidArgumentError: 2 root error(s) found.
> (0) Invalid argument:
> Dimension -972891 must be >= 0 [[{{node zeros}}]]
> [[IteratorGetNext]]
> [[categorical_crossentropy/softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits/Shape_2/_6]]
> (1) Invalid argument: Dimension -972891 must be >= 0 [[{{node
> zeros}}]] [[IteratorGetNext]] 0 successful operations. 0 derived
> errors ignored. [Op:__inference_train_function_6412]
>
> Function call stack: train_function -> train_function