我有以下Post
, Category
&PostScore
模型。
class Post(models.Model):
category = models.ForeignKey('Category', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, related_name='category_posts', limit_choices_to={'parent_category': None}, blank=True, null=True)
status = models.CharField(max_length=100, choices=STATUS_CHOICES, default='draft')
deleted_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
...
...
class Category(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
parent_category = models.ForeignKey('self', on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
related_name='sub_categories', null=True, blank=True,
limit_choices_to={'parent_category': None})
...
...
class PostScore(models.Model):
post = models.OneToOneField(Post, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='post_score')
total_score = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=5, default=0)
...
...
所以我想要编写一个查询,它返回每个不同类别(CategoryN
)的帖子数(Posts ),按帖子分数(由PostScore模型中的 total_score 列表示)以降序方式排序。这样我每个类别的帖子得分最高的 N 记录。
因此,我可以通过以下原始查询来实现上述目标,该查询为我提供了每个类别得分最高的前 10 个帖子:
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT *,
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY "post"."category_id"
ORDER BY "postscore"."total_score" DESC) AS "rank"
FROM
"post"
LEFT OUTER JOIN
"postscore"
ON
("post"."id" = "postscore"."post_id")
WHERE
("post"."deleted_at" IS NULL AND "post"."status" = 'accepted')
ORDER BY
"postscore"."total_score"
DESC
) final_posts
WHERE
rank <= 10
到目前为止,我使用 Django ORM 所取得的成就:
>>> from django.db.models.expressions import Window
>>> from django.db.models.functions import Rank
>>> from django.db.models import F
>>> posts = Post.objects.annotate(
rank=Window( expression=Rank(),
order_by=F('post_score__total_score').desc(),
partition_by[F('category_id')]
)). \
filter(status='accepted', deleted_at__isnull=True). \
order_by('-post_score__total_score')
大致评估为
>>> print(posts.query)
>>> SELECT *,
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY "post"."category_id"
ORDER BY "postscore"."total_score" DESC) AS "rank"
FROM
"post"
LEFT OUTER JOIN
"postscore"
ON
("post"."id" = "postscore"."post_id")
WHERE
("post"."deleted_at" IS NULL AND "post"."status" = 'accepted')
ORDER BY
"postscore"."total_score"
DESC
所以基本上我需要通过使用“排名”别名来限制每个组(即类别)结果的缺失。
很想知道如何做到这一点?
我已经看到Alexandr在这个问题上提出的一个答案,实现此目的的一种方法是使用Subquery和in运算符。虽然它满足上述条件并输出正确的结果,但查询速度很慢。
无论如何,如果我通过 Alexandr 的建议,这将是一个查询:
>>> from django.db.models import OuterRef, Subquery
>>> q = Post.objects.filter(status='accepted', deleted_at__isnull=True,
category=OuterRef('category')).order_by('-post_score__total_score')[:10]
>>> posts = Post.objects.filter(id__in=Subquery(q.values('id')))
所以我更热衷于通过在 ORM 中使用窗口函数来完成上述原始查询(几乎完成只是错过了限制部分) 。另外,我认为这可以通过使用横向连接来实现,因此也欢迎这个方向的答案。