postgresql - App Engine App 的 Google Cloud SQL postgres 只读副本之间平衡的最佳做法

Question

我们现在正在向云部署迈进，在这个过程中，我们希望为我们的数据库创建一些只读副本。

我对平衡 Cloud SQL 只读副本之间的请求的建议方法感到困惑。似乎 Cloud SQL 代理可能是正确的方法，但我不清楚它应该如何在生产环境中使用。

Answer 1

正如您在此处看到的（Cloud SQL 是否为读取副本的请求提供负载平衡？）“Cloud SQL 不会自动提供或配置负载平衡。您可以使用连接池通过在多个连接端点之间切换来在读取副本之间分配读取请求” .

如果您想使用 Unix 套接字，您的代码应该如下所示

# Remember - storing secrets in plaintext is potentially unsafe. Consider using
# something like https://cloud.google.com/secret-manager/docs/overview to help keep
# secrets secret.
db_user = os.environ["DB_USER"]
db_pass = os.environ["DB_PASS"]
db_name = os.environ["DB_NAME"]
db_socket_dir = os.environ.get("DB_SOCKET_DIR", "/cloudsql")
cloud_sql_connection_name = os.environ["CLOUD_SQL_CONNECTION_NAME"]

pool = sqlalchemy.create_engine(

    # Equivalent URL:
    # postgres+pg8000://<db_user>:<db_pass>@/<db_name>
    #                         ?unix_sock=<socket_path>/<cloud_sql_instance_name>/.s.PGSQL.5432
    sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL(
        drivername="postgresql+pg8000",
        username=db_user,  # e.g. "my-database-user"
        password=db_pass,  # e.g. "my-database-password"
        database=db_name,  # e.g. "my-database-name"
        query={
            "unix_sock": "{}/{}/.s.PGSQL.5432".format(
                db_socket_dir,  # e.g. "/cloudsql"
                cloud_sql_connection_name)  # i.e "<PROJECT-NAME>:<INSTANCE-REGION>:<INSTANCE-NAME>"
        }
    ),
    **db_config
)

以下示例用于 TCP 连接

# Remember - storing secrets in plaintext is potentially unsafe. Consider using
# something like https://cloud.google.com/secret-manager/docs/overview to help keep
# secrets secret.
db_user = os.environ["DB_USER"]
db_pass = os.environ["DB_PASS"]
db_name = os.environ["DB_NAME"]
db_host = os.environ["DB_HOST"]

# Extract host and port from db_host
host_args = db_host.split(":")
db_hostname, db_port = host_args[0], int(host_args[1])

pool = sqlalchemy.create_engine(
    # Equivalent URL:
    # postgres+pg8000://<db_user>:<db_pass>@<db_host>:<db_port>/<db_name>
    sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL(
        drivername="postgresql+pg8000",
        username=db_user,  # e.g. "my-database-user"
        password=db_pass,  # e.g. "my-database-password"
        host=db_hostname,  # e.g. "127.0.0.1"
        port=db_port,  # e.g. 5432
        database=db_name  # e.g. "my-database-name"
    ),
    **db_config
)