问题是您试图将旧上下文和新上下文引用为字符串,这是不可能的。具体问题是:
OLDCOL = 'old.'||:FN;
NEWCOL = 'new.'||:FN;
这会产生一个带有值的字符串'old.<whatever the value of FN is>'
(对于 和 相同new
)。它不会FN
从OLD
orNEW
上下文中生成名称为 in 的列的值。
不幸的是,不可能按名称动态引用OLD
和NEW
上下文中的列。您将明确需要在代码中使用OLD.columnname
和NEW.columnname
,这意味着您将需要编写(或生成)一个单独插入每一列的触发器。
或者,您可以升级到 Firebird 3,并使用 UDR 在本机代码、C# 或 Java(或其他支持的语言)中定义触发器。这些 UDR 引擎允许您动态引用旧上下文和新上下文中的列。
例如,使用FB/Java 外部引擎(查看存储库中关于如何安装 FB/Java 的自述文件):
创建CHANGELOG
表:
create table changelog (
id bigint generated by default as identity constraint pk_changelog primary key,
tablename varchar(31) character set unicode_fss not null,
row_id varchar(30) character set utf8,
columnname varchar(31) character set unicode_fss not null,
new_value varchar(2000) character set utf8,
old_value varchar(2000) character set utf8,
operation char(6) character set ascii not null,
modification_datetime timestamp default localtimestamp not null
)
还有一个 FB/Java 触发器:
package nl.lawinegevaar.fbjava.experiment;
import org.firebirdsql.fbjava.TriggerContext;
import org.firebirdsql.fbjava.Values;
import org.firebirdsql.fbjava.ValuesMetadata;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.function.BiPredicate;
import static java.util.Collections.unmodifiableSet;
import static org.firebirdsql.fbjava.TriggerContext.Action.*;
public class ChangelogTrigger {
private static final Set<TriggerContext.Action> SUPPORTED_ACTIONS =
unmodifiableSet(EnumSet.of(INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE));
private static final int ROW_ID_LENGTH = 30;
private static final int VALUE_LENGTH = 2000;
private static final String INSERT_CHANGELOG =
"insert into changelog (tablename, row_id, columnname, new_value, old_value, operation) "
+ "values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
public static void logChanges() throws SQLException {
TriggerContext ctx = TriggerContext.get();
TriggerContext.Action action = ctx.getAction();
if (!SUPPORTED_ACTIONS.contains(action)) {
return;
}
String tableName = ctx.getTableName();
if (tableName.equals("CHANGELOG")) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot apply ChangelogTrigger to table " + tableName);
}
String identifierColumn = ctx.getNameInfo();
ValuesMetadata fieldsMetadata = ctx.getFieldsMetadata();
int identifierIdx = identifierColumn != null ? fieldsMetadata.getIndex(identifierColumn) : -1;
Values oldValues = ctx.getOldValues();
Values newValues = ctx.getNewValues();
Values primaryValueSet = action == INSERT ? newValues : oldValues;
String identifierValue = identifierIdx != -1
? truncate(asString(primaryValueSet.getObject(identifierIdx)), ROW_ID_LENGTH)
: null;
try (PreparedStatement pstmt = ctx.getConnection().prepareStatement(INSERT_CHANGELOG)) {
pstmt.setString(1, tableName);
pstmt.setString(2, identifierValue);
BiPredicate<Object, Object> logColumn = action == UPDATE
? ChangelogTrigger::acceptIfModified
: ChangelogTrigger::acceptAlways;
boolean batchUsed = false;
for (int idx = 1; idx <= fieldsMetadata.getParameterCount(); idx++) {
Object oldValue = oldValues != null ? oldValues.getObject(idx) : null;
Object newValue = newValues != null ? newValues.getObject(idx) : null;
if (logColumn.test(oldValue, newValue)) {
String columnName = fieldsMetadata.getName(idx);
pstmt.setString(3, columnName);
pstmt.setString(4, truncate(asString(newValue), VALUE_LENGTH));
pstmt.setString(5, truncate(asString(oldValue), VALUE_LENGTH));
pstmt.setString(6, action.name());
pstmt.addBatch();
batchUsed = true;
}
}
if (batchUsed) {
pstmt.executeBatch();
}
}
}
private static boolean acceptAlways(Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
return true;
}
private static boolean acceptIfModified(Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
return !Objects.equals(oldValue, newValue);
}
private static String asString(Object value) {
return value != null ? String.valueOf(value) : null;
}
private static String truncate(String value, int maxLength) {
if (value == null || value.length() <= maxLength) {
return value;
}
return value.substring(0, maxLength - 3) + "...";
}
}
这个 FB/Java 触发器非常通用,可以用于多个表。我没有用所有数据类型测试过这个触发器。例如,要使触发器能够正确处理 blob 类型或其他二进制类型的列,将需要额外的工作。
使用FB/Java的fbjava-deployer实用程序构建触发器并将其加载到数据库中。
然后在你想要的表上定义触发器(本例中我是在TEST_CHANGELOG
表上定义的):
create trigger log_test_changelog
before insert or update or delete
on test_changelog
external name 'nl.lawinegevaar.fbjava.experiment.ChangelogTrigger.logChanges()!ID'
engine JAVA
外部名称定义要调用的例程 ( nl.lawinegevaar.fbjava.experiment.ChangelogTrigger.logChanges()
) 和表 ( ) 的(单个)主键列的名称,ID
用于记录ROW_ID
列中的标识符。