我已经在运行 Apache 和 Phusion Passenger 的登台/生产机器上部署了我的 rails 应用程序，但无法正确加载 Paperclip gem（或者至少无法让使用它的应用程序部分正常工作）。其他 gem 似乎加载正常，当我config.cache_classes在falseRAILS_ROOT/config/environments/staging.rb 中设置时，应用程序的其余部分工作正常。如果设置为 true，我会在浏览器（和 apache 错误日志）中收到以下乘客消息，并且根本无法使用该应用程序：
Error message:
undefined method `validates_attachment_presence' for #<Class:0xb618e938>
Exception class:
NoMethodError
我已经用谷歌搜索了很长一段时间，但找不到解决我遇到的这个问题的方法。我希望我没有忽略一些明显的东西......
更新 21/8：在使用 sudo script/server -b 17x.7x.16x.3x -e staging 运行 rails 应用程序的同一个盒子上工作正常。这可能是权限问题，Passenger 无法找到已安装的 Paperclip Gem 吗？
希望您能给我一些指示，如果您需要更多信息，请告诉我！谢谢马克
关于我的环境的一些信息：
$ rails -v
Rails 2.3.5
RAILS_ROOT/config/environment.rb 有这个设置：
config.gem "paperclip", :version => "~> 2.3"
宝石环境：
$ gem env
RubyGems Environment:
- RUBYGEMS VERSION: 1.3.5
- RUBY VERSION: 1.8.7 (2010-01-10 patchlevel 249) [i486-linux]
- INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /var/lib/gems/1.8
- RUBY EXECUTABLE: /usr/bin/ruby1.8
- EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /var/lib/gems/1.8/bin
- RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS:
- ruby
- x86-linux
- GEM PATHS:
- /var/lib/gems/1.8
- /home/mark/.gem/ruby/1.8
- GEM CONFIGURATION:
- :update_sources => true
- :verbose => true
- :benchmark => false
- :backtrace => false
- :bulk_threshold => 1000
- REMOTE SOURCES:
- http://gems.rubyforge.org/
服务器上的宝石列表：
$ gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
abstract (1.0.0)
actionmailer (3.0.9, 2.3.5)
actionpack (3.0.9, 2.3.5)
activemodel (3.0.9)
activerecord (3.0.9, 2.3.5)
activeresource (3.0.9, 2.3.5)
activesupport (3.0.9, 2.3.5)
arel (2.1.3, 2.0.10)
builder (3.0.0, 2.1.2)
capistrano (2.6.0)
cocaine (0.1.0)
daemon_controller (0.2.6)
erubis (2.6.6)
fastthread (1.0.7)
highline (1.6.2)
i18n (0.4.2)
mail (2.2.19)
mime-types (1.16)
mysql (2.8.1)
net-scp (1.0.4)
net-sftp (2.0.5)
net-ssh (2.1.4)
net-ssh-gateway (1.1.0)
paperclip (2.3.12)
passenger (3.0.7)
polyglot (0.3.1)
rack (1.2.3, 1.1.0, 1.0.1)
rack-mount (0.6.14)
rack-test (0.5.7)
rails (2.3.5)
rake (0.9.2, 0.8.7)
treetop (1.4.9)
tzinfo (0.3.29)
will_paginate (2.3.15)
Paperclip gem 安装在这里：
$ sudo find / -name 'paperclip'
/var/lib/gems/1.8/doc/paperclip-2.3.12/rdoc/files/lib/paperclip
/var/lib/gems/1.8/doc/paperclip-2.3.12/rdoc/files/lib/generators/paperclip
/var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/paperclip-2.3.12/lib/paperclip
/var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/paperclip-2.3.12/lib/generators/paperclip
/var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/paperclip-2.3.12/generators/paperclip
Apache 虚拟主机配置：
$ more /etc/apache2/sites-available/staging.mydomain.com
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName staging.mydomain.com
DocumentRoot /u/apps/mydomain.com/current/public
RailsEnv staging
</VirtualHost>
乘客页面的一些额外堆栈跟踪（顺便说一句：尝试删除 will_paginate 插件，但结果完全相同；它在 active_record/base.rb 处引发错误）：
Backtrace:
# File Line Location
0 /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.5/lib/active_record/base.rb 1959 in `method_missing_without_paginate'
1 /u/apps/mydomain.com/releases/20110705192718/vendor/plugins/will_paginate/lib/will_paginate/finder.rb 170 in `method_missing'
2 /u/apps/mydomain.com/releases/20110705192718/app/models/image.rb 5
3 /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb 31 in `gem_original_require'
4 /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb 31 in `require'
5 /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb 158 in `require'
6 /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb 265 in `require_or_load'
7 /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb 224 in `depend_on'
8 /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb 136 in `require_dependency'
9 /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.5/lib/initializer.rb 414 in `load_application_classes'
10 /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.5/lib/initializer.rb 413 in `each'
图像类的代码：
class Image < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :user
validate_attachment_presence :photo
validates_uniqueness_of :photo_file_name, :scope => :user_id
has_attached_file :photo, :url => "/assets/:user/app/:class/:style_:basename.:
extension",
:path => "#{APP_PATH}/:user/app/:class/:style_:basename.:extension",
:styles => {
:thumb=> "50x50#",
:large => "400x" }
end
配置/环境.rb
# Be sure to restart your server when you modify this file
# Specifies gem version of Rails to use when vendor/rails is not present
RAILS_GEM_VERSION = '2.3.5' unless defined? RAILS_GEM_VERSION
# Bootstrap the Rails environment, frameworks, and default configuration
require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'boot')
Rails::Initializer.run do |config|
config.time_zone = 'UTC'
config.active_record.observers = :user_observer #, :website_observer
config.gem "paperclip", :version => "~> 2.3"
end
SITE_NAME = 'Mydomain.com'
CMS_PREFIX = 'joomla'
config/environments.rb/staging.rb
# Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/environment.rb
# The staging environment is meant for finished, apps and final acceptance testing.
# Code is not reloaded between requests
config.cache_classes = true
# Full error reports are disabled and caching is turned on
config.action_controller.consider_all_requests_local = false
config.action_controller.perform_caching = true
config.action_view.cache_template_loading = true
ActionController::Base.asset_host = "staging.mydomain.com"
DOCUMENT_ROOT = "/var/www"
APP_PATH = "/u/apps"
DB_PREFIX = "a001"
DB_USER = "joomla"
DB_PWD = "*****"
GIT_URL = "git@github.com:****/mydomain.git"
ActionMailer::Base.delivery_method = :smtp
ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings = {
:enable_starttls_auto => true,
:address => "smtp.gmail.com",
:port => "587",
:domain => "gmail.com",
:authentication => :plain,
:user_name => "****@gmail.com",
:password => "****"
}