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我试图将卷心菜-山羊-狼难题的（工作！）解决方案从 Scala 转换为 Haskell，但是由于解决方案列表为空，因此调用时代码会抛出并出错head，findSolutions因此问题似乎在循环中的某个地方。findMoves似乎工作正常。

import Data.Maybe(fromMaybe)

data Item = Farmer | Cabbage | Goat | Wolf deriving (Eq, Show)

type Position = ([Item], [Item]) 

validPos :: Position -> Bool
validPos p = valid (fst p) && valid (snd p) where   
   valid list = elem Farmer list || notElem Goat list || 
                (notElem Cabbage list && notElem Wolf list) 

findMoves :: Position -> [Position]
findMoves (left,right) = filter validPos moves where
    moves | elem Farmer left = map (\item -> (delItem item left, addItem item right)) left 
          | otherwise = map (\item -> (addItem item left, delItem item right)) right
    delItem item = filter (\i ->  notElem i [item, Farmer]) 
    addItem Farmer list = Farmer:list      
    addItem item list = Farmer:item:list      

findSolution :: Position -> Position -> [Position]
findSolution from to = head $ loop [[from]] where
    loop pps = do
          (p:ps) <- pps
          let moves = filter (\x -> notElem x (p:ps)) $ findMoves p
          if elem to moves then return $ reverse (to:p:ps)
                           else loop $ map (:p:ps) moves  

solve :: [Position]
solve = let all = [Farmer, Cabbage, Goat, Wolf]
        in findSolution (all,[]) ([],all)

当然，我也会感谢有关与实际错误无关的改进的提示。

[更新]

只是为了记录，我按照建议使用Set. 这是工作代码：

import Data.Set

data Item = Farmer | Cabbage | Goat | Wolf deriving (Eq, Ord, Show)

type Position = (Set Item, Set Item)

validPos :: Position -> Bool
validPos p = valid (fst p) && valid (snd p) where
   valid set = or [Farmer `member` set, Goat `notMember` set, 
                   Cabbage `notMember` set && Wolf `notMember` set]

findMoves :: Position -> [Position]
findMoves (left,right) = elems $ Data.Set.filter validPos moves where
    moves | Farmer `member` left = Data.Set.map (move delItem addItem) left
          | otherwise = Data.Set.map (move addItem delItem) right
    move f1 f2 item = (f1 item left, f2 item right)
    delItem item = delete Farmer . delete item 
    addItem item = insert Farmer . insert item 

findSolution :: Position -> Position -> [Position]
findSolution from to = head $ loop [[from]] where
    loop pps = do
          ps <- pps
          let moves = Prelude.filter (\x -> notElem x ps) $ findMoves $ head ps
          if to `elem` moves then return $ reverse $ to:ps
                             else loop $ fmap (:ps) moves

solve :: [Position]
solve = let all = fromList [Farmer, Cabbage, Goat, Wolf]
        in findSolution (all, empty) (empty, all)

调用headinfindSolution可以更安全，并且应该使用打印出解决方案的更好方法，但除此之外我对它非常满意。

[更新 2]

我认为以前的位置表示对于这类问题不是最理想的。我切换到以下数据模型，这使得移动等更加冗长，但更具可读性：

data Place = Here | There deriving (Eq, Show)

data Pos = Pos { cabbage :: Place
               , goat :: Place
               , wolf :: Place
               , farmer :: Place 
               } deriving (Eq, Show)
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1 回答 1

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The problem is that [Farmer,Goat,Cabbage,Wolf] is not the same that [Farmer,Cabbage,Goat,Wolf] and you don't check it when use elem and notElem. One solution is always sort the list of elements, e.g in the function findMoves you can use:

import Data.List(ord)
import Control.Arrow((***))

data Item = Farmer | Cabbage | Goat | Wolf deriving (Eq, Show, Ord)

findMoves (left,right) = map (sort***sort) $ filter validPos moves where
-- ....

solve = let all = sort [Farmer, Cabbage, Goat, Wolf]
-- ....

Or you can use a set of Item instead a list of Item.

于 2011-07-05T11:57:43.203 回答