python - 如何在 Matplotlib 中设置月底的刻度线

Question

我有一个每个月末的日期列表，我希望我的情节的网格线和标签与这些日期一致。目前我只能在月初绘制图表。有没有办法强制 Matplotlib 在其图表中使用月末值？

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from datetime import datetime
from matplotlib.dates import MonthLocator
from matplotlib.dates import DateFormatter
  
dts = [datetime(2020, 11, 30), datetime(2020, 12, 31),
           datetime(2021, 1, 31), datetime(2021, 2, 28),
           datetime(2021, 3, 31), datetime(2021, 4, 30),
           datetime(2021, 5, 31), datetime(2021, 6, 30),
           datetime(2021, 7, 31), datetime(2021, 8, 31),
           datetime(2021, 9, 30), datetime(2021, 10, 31),
           datetime(2021, 11, 30), datetime(2021, 12, 31),
           datetime(2022, 1, 31), datetime(2022, 2, 28),]
vals = [2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 4500, 4000, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 3000, 
             2500, 6000, 4000, 3000, 5000]
    
figsize=(3, 6)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=figsize)
    
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MonthLocator((3, 6, 9, 12)))
fmt = DateFormatter("%Y-%m")
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(fmt)

ax.plot(dts, vals, color = 'blue')
ax.grid(True)
plt.show()

Answer 1

一种选择是手动或动态地set_ticks()使用：

ax.set_xticks([datetime(2020, 12, 31), datetime(2021, 3, 31), datetime(2021, 6, 30), datetime(2021, 9, 30), datetime(2021, 12, 31)])

或更好：

ax.set_xticks(dts[1::3]) # this uses every third element starting with second element

完整代码：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from datetime import datetime
from matplotlib.dates import MonthLocator
from matplotlib.dates import DateFormatter

dts = [datetime(2020, 11, 30), datetime(2020, 12, 31),
           datetime(2021, 1, 31), datetime(2021, 2, 28),
           datetime(2021, 3, 31), datetime(2021, 4, 30),
           datetime(2021, 5, 31), datetime(2021, 6, 30),
           datetime(2021, 7, 31), datetime(2021, 8, 31),
           datetime(2021, 9, 30), datetime(2021, 10, 31),
           datetime(2021, 11, 30), datetime(2021, 12, 31),
           datetime(2022, 1, 31), datetime(2022, 2, 28),]
vals = [2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 4500, 4000, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 3000, 
             2500, 6000, 4000, 3000, 5000]

figsize=(12, 6)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=figsize)

fmt = DateFormatter("%Y-%m-%d")
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(fmt)
ax.set_xticks([datetime(2020, 12, 31), datetime(2021, 3, 31), datetime(2021, 6, 30), datetime(2021, 9, 30), datetime(2021, 12, 31)])
ax.set_xticks(dts[1::3])

ax.plot(dts, vals, color = 'blue')
ax.grid(True)
plt.show()