我在使用以下脚本时遇到问题，我正在关注当前的 AWS 教程
并在我的机器上运行代码 sbs.py：
import json
import random
import datetime
import boto3
import time
deviceNames = ['SBS01', 'SBS02', 'SBS03', 'SBS04', 'SBS05']
iot = boto3.client('iot-data', 'eu-west-2')
# generate Flow values
def getFlowValues():
data = {}
data['deviceValue'] = random.randint(60, 100)
data['deviceParameter'] = 'Flow'
data['deviceId'] = random.choice(deviceNames)
data['dateTime'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
return data
# generate Temperature values
def getTemperatureValues():
data = {}
data['deviceValue'] = random.randint(15, 35)
data['deviceParameter'] = 'Temperature'
data['deviceId'] = random.choice(deviceNames)
data['dateTime'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
return data
# generate Humidity values
def getHumidityValues():
data = {}
data['deviceValue'] = random.randint(50, 90)
data['deviceParameter'] = 'Humidity'
data['deviceId'] = random.choice(deviceNames)
data['dateTime'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
return data
# generate Sound values
def getSoundValues():
data = {}
data['deviceValue'] = random.randint(100, 140)
data['deviceParameter'] = 'Sound'
data['deviceId'] = random.choice(deviceNames)
data['dateTime'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
return data
# Generate each parameter's data input in varying proportions
while True:
time.sleep(1)
rnd = random.random()
if (0 <= rnd < 0.20):
data = json.dumps(getFlowValues())
print(data)
response = iot.publish(
topic='/sbs/devicedata/flow',
payload=data
)
elif (0.20<= rnd < 0.55):
data = json.dumps(getTemperatureValues())
print(data)
response = iot.publish(
topic='/sbs/devicedata/temperature',
payload=data
)
elif (0.55<= rnd < 0.70):
data = json.dumps(getHumidityValues())
print(data)
response = iot.publish(
topic='/sbs/devicedata/humidity',
payload=data
)
else:
data = json.dumps(getSoundValues())
print(data)
response = iot.publish(
topic='/sbs/devicedata/sound',
payload=data
)
我收到以下错误：
{"deviceValue": 21, "deviceParameter": "Temperature", "deviceId": "SBS04", "dateTime": "2021-01-05 10:36:37"}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SSLCertVerificationError Traceback (most recent call last)
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in urlopen(self, method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host, timeout, pool_timeout, release_conn, chunked, body_pos, **response_kw)
698 # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
--> 699 httplib_response = self._make_request(
700 conn,
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in _make_request(self, conn, method, url, timeout, chunked, **httplib_request_kw)
381 try:
--> 382 self._validate_conn(conn)
383 except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError) as e:
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in _validate_conn(self, conn)
1009 if not getattr(conn, "sock", None): # AppEngine might not have `.sock`
-> 1010 conn.connect()
1011
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py in connect(self)
410
--> 411 self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
412 sock=conn,
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py in ssl_wrap_socket(sock, keyfile, certfile, cert_reqs, ca_certs, server_hostname, ssl_version, ciphers, ssl_context, ca_cert_dir, key_password, ca_cert_data, tls_in_tls)
427 if send_sni:
--> 428 ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(
429 sock, context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname=server_hostname
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py in _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, ssl_context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname)
471 if server_hostname:
--> 472 return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
473 else:
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\ssl.py in wrap_socket(self, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, session)
499 # ctx._wrap_socket()
--> 500 return self.sslsocket_class._create(
501 sock=sock,
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\ssl.py in _create(cls, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, context, session)
1039 raise ValueError("do_handshake_on_connect should not be specified for non-blocking sockets")
-> 1040 self.do_handshake()
1041 except (OSError, ValueError):
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\ssl.py in do_handshake(self, block)
1308 self.settimeout(None)
-> 1309 self._sslobj.do_handshake()
1310 finally:
SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
SSLError Traceback (most recent call last)
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\httpsession.py in send(self, request)
253 request_target = self._get_request_target(request.url, proxy_url)
--> 254 urllib_response = conn.urlopen(
255 method=request.method,
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in urlopen(self, method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host, timeout, pool_timeout, release_conn, chunked, body_pos, **response_kw)
754
--> 755 retries = retries.increment(
756 method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py in increment(self, method, url, response, error, _pool, _stacktrace)
505 # Disabled, indicate to re-raise the error.
--> 506 raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
507
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\packages\six.py in reraise(tp, value, tb)
733 if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
--> 734 raise value.with_traceback(tb)
735 raise value
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in urlopen(self, method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host, timeout, pool_timeout, release_conn, chunked, body_pos, **response_kw)
698 # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
--> 699 httplib_response = self._make_request(
700 conn,
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in _make_request(self, conn, method, url, timeout, chunked, **httplib_request_kw)
381 try:
--> 382 self._validate_conn(conn)
383 except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError) as e:
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in _validate_conn(self, conn)
1009 if not getattr(conn, "sock", None): # AppEngine might not have `.sock`
-> 1010 conn.connect()
1011
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py in connect(self)
410
--> 411 self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
412 sock=conn,
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py in ssl_wrap_socket(sock, keyfile, certfile, cert_reqs, ca_certs, server_hostname, ssl_version, ciphers, ssl_context, ca_cert_dir, key_password, ca_cert_data, tls_in_tls)
427 if send_sni:
--> 428 ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(
429 sock, context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname=server_hostname
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py in _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, ssl_context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname)
471 if server_hostname:
--> 472 return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
473 else:
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\ssl.py in wrap_socket(self, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, session)
499 # ctx._wrap_socket()
--> 500 return self.sslsocket_class._create(
501 sock=sock,
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\ssl.py in _create(cls, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, context, session)
1039 raise ValueError("do_handshake_on_connect should not be specified for non-blocking sockets")
-> 1040 self.do_handshake()
1041 except (OSError, ValueError):
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\ssl.py in do_handshake(self, block)
1308 self.settimeout(None)
-> 1309 self._sslobj.do_handshake()
1310 finally:
SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
SSLError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-22-9e04aec45dfe> in <module>
64 data = json.dumps(getTemperatureValues())
65 print (data)
---> 66 response = iot.publish(
67 topic='/sbs/devicedata/temperature',
68 payload=data
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\client.py in _api_call(self, *args, **kwargs)
355 "%s() only accepts keyword arguments." % py_operation_name)
356 # The "self" in this scope is referring to the BaseClient.
--> 357 return self._make_api_call(operation_name, kwargs)
358
359 _api_call.__name__ = str(py_operation_name)
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\client.py in _make_api_call(self, operation_name, api_params)
660 http, parsed_response = event_response
661 else:
--> 662 http, parsed_response = self._make_request(
663 operation_model, request_dict, request_context)
664
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\client.py in _make_request(self, operation_model, request_dict, request_context)
680 def _make_request(self, operation_model, request_dict, request_context):
681 try:
--> 682 return self._endpoint.make_request(operation_model, request_dict)
683 except Exception as e:
684 self.meta.events.emit(
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\endpoint.py in make_request(self, operation_model, request_dict)
100 logger.debug("Making request for %s with params: %s",
101 operation_model, request_dict)
--> 102 return self._send_request(request_dict, operation_model)
103
104 def create_request(self, params, operation_model=None):
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\endpoint.py in _send_request(self, request_dict, operation_model)
134 success_response, exception = self._get_response(
135 request, operation_model, context)
--> 136 while self._needs_retry(attempts, operation_model, request_dict,
137 success_response, exception):
138 attempts += 1
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\endpoint.py in _needs_retry(self, attempts, operation_model, request_dict, response, caught_exception)
251 service_id,
252 operation_model.name)
--> 253 responses = self._event_emitter.emit(
254 event_name, response=response, endpoint=self,
255 operation=operation_model, attempts=attempts,
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\hooks.py in emit(self, event_name, **kwargs)
354 def emit(self, event_name, **kwargs):
355 aliased_event_name = self._alias_event_name(event_name)
--> 356 return self._emitter.emit(aliased_event_name, **kwargs)
357
358 def emit_until_response(self, event_name, **kwargs):
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\hooks.py in emit(self, event_name, **kwargs)
226 handlers.
227 """
--> 228 return self._emit(event_name, kwargs)
229
230 def emit_until_response(self, event_name, **kwargs):
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\hooks.py in _emit(self, event_name, kwargs, stop_on_response)
209 for handler in handlers_to_call:
210 logger.debug('Event %s: calling handler %s', event_name, handler)
--> 211 response = handler(**kwargs)
212 responses.append((handler, response))
213 if stop_on_response and response is not None:
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\retryhandler.py in __call__(self, attempts, response, caught_exception, **kwargs)
181
182 """
--> 183 if self._checker(attempts, response, caught_exception):
184 result = self._action(attempts=attempts)
185 logger.debug("Retry needed, action of: %s", result)
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\retryhandler.py in __call__(self, attempt_number, response, caught_exception)
248
249 def __call__(self, attempt_number, response, caught_exception):
--> 250 should_retry = self._should_retry(attempt_number, response,
251 caught_exception)
252 if should_retry:
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\retryhandler.py in _should_retry(self, attempt_number, response, caught_exception)
275 # If we've exceeded the max attempts we just let the exception
276 # propogate if one has occurred.
--> 277 return self._checker(attempt_number, response, caught_exception)
278
279
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\retryhandler.py in __call__(self, attempt_number, response, caught_exception)
314 def __call__(self, attempt_number, response, caught_exception):
315 for checker in self._checkers:
--> 316 checker_response = checker(attempt_number, response,
317 caught_exception)
318 if checker_response:
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\retryhandler.py in __call__(self, attempt_number, response, caught_exception)
220 return self._check_response(attempt_number, response)
221 elif caught_exception is not None:
--> 222 return self._check_caught_exception(
223 attempt_number, caught_exception)
224 else:
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\retryhandler.py in _check_caught_exception(self, attempt_number, caught_exception)
357 # the MaxAttemptsDecorator is not interested in retrying the exception
358 # then this exception just propogates out past the retry code.
--> 359 raise caught_exception
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\endpoint.py in _do_get_response(self, request, operation_model)
198 http_response = first_non_none_response(responses)
199 if http_response is None:
--> 200 http_response = self._send(request)
201 except HTTPClientError as e:
202 return (None, e)
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\endpoint.py in _send(self, request)
267
268 def _send(self, request):
--> 269 return self.http_session.send(request)
270
271
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\pythonProject\lib\site-packages\botocore\httpsession.py in send(self, request)
279 return http_response
280 except URLLib3SSLError as e:
--> 281 raise SSLError(endpoint_url=request.url, error=e)
282 except (NewConnectionError, socket.gaierror) as e:
283 raise EndpointConnectionError(endpoint_url=request.url, error=e)
SSLError: SSL validation failed for https://data.iot.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/topics/%2Fsbs%2Fdevicedata%2Ftemperature [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)
我已经创建并检查了我的 aws 凭证 access_key 和 secret_access_key 是否正常工作。我可以从 cmd 访问我的 s3 存储桶。我知道本地证书或其他问题存在问题，但我不清楚这些问题，因此我不明白我的问题。
我是否必须iot在代码行中输入凭据？我认为它需要读取证书，这些证书是我从我的 aws 管理控制台的 aws 安全凭证创建和下载的 .pem 文件。但我不确定将 .pem 文件放在哪里。
感谢您的帮助！