python - 无法在 alpine docker 映像上安装 PyMuPDF

Question

我正在尝试在 apline 图像上安装 pymupdf 包，但出现以下错误

fitz/fitz_wrap.c:2739:10: fatal error: ft2build.h: No such file or directory
     2739 | #include <ft2build.h>
          |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

 RUN pip install PyMuPDF
 ---> Running in 34d246d6f01b
Collecting PyMuPDF
  Downloading PyMuPDF-1.18.5.tar.gz (251 kB)
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for PyMuPDF, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: PyMuPDF
    Running setup.py install for PyMuPDF: started
    Running setup.py install for PyMuPDF: finished with status 'error'
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-uxc_zm2j/pymupdf/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-uxc_zm2j/pymupdf/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-nipvlcn8/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/include/python3.8/PyMuPDF
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-uxc_zm2j/pymupdf/
    Complete output (20 lines):
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    copying fitz/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    copying fitz/fitz.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    copying fitz/utils.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    copying fitz/__main__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    running build_ext
    building 'fitz._fitz' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -g -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -g -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -g -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -I/usr/include/mupdf -I/usr/local/include/mupdf -Imupdf/thirdparty/freetype/include -I/usr/include/python3.8 -c fitz/fitz_wrap.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/fitz/fitz_wrap.o
    fitz/fitz_wrap.c:2739:10: fatal error: ft2build.h: No such file or directory
     2739 | #include <ft2build.h>
          |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-uxc_zm2j/pymupdf/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-uxc_zm2j/pymupdf/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-nipvlcn8/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/include/python3.8/PyMuPDF Check the logs for full command output.
WARNING: You are using pip version 20.2.4; however, version 20.3.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/usr/bin/python3.8 -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install PyMuPDF' returned a non-zero code: 1

score 3 · Accepted Answer

Alpine 中的 freetype-dev 将安装在 /usr/include/freetype2 中。可以将头文件和目录链接到/usr/include apk add mupdf-dev安装的mupdf，方法结构与pymupdf不一致，所以需要从源代码编译mupdf库。

FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN apk add gcc g++ cmake make mupdf-dev freetype-dev
ARG MUPDF=1.18.0
RUN ln -s /usr/include/freetype2/ft2build.h /usr/include/ft2build.h \
    && ln -s /usr/include/freetype2/freetype/ /usr/include/freetype \
    && wget -c -q https://www.mupdf.com/downloads/archive/mupdf-${MUPDF}-source.tar.gz \
    && tar xf mupdf-${MUPDF}-source.tar.gz \
    && cd mupdf-${MUPDF}-source \
    && make HAVE_X11=no HAVE_GLUT=no shared=yes prefix=/usr/local install \
    && cd .. \
    && rm -rf *.tar.gz mupdf-${MUPDF}-source
RUN pip install PyMuPDF==1.18.9

试试这个，它有效

此外，Alpine 的官方 Mupdf 库已经更新，使安装更容易。（更新于 2021-04-28）

FROM python:3.8-alpine
# Add temporary virtual environment dependencies
RUN apk --no-cache add --virtual .builddeps gcc g++

# These dependency packages cannot be removed because they continue to be used in PyMupdf
RUN apk --no-cache add  mupdf-dev freetype-dev jbig2dec-dev jpeg-dev openjpeg-dev 

# install PyMupdf
RUN pip install pymupdf

# Remove virtual environment dependencies
RUN apk del .builddeps

score 1 · Accepted Answer

尝试先用pip install -U pip.

这是对问题的深入探讨https://github.com/pymupdf/PyMuPDF/issues/894有一个从tar.gz文件而不是.whl 获取源的旧 pip并且由于错误的 INCLUDE dir 而构建失败对于自 PyMuPDF 1.18.2 以来已解决的 freetype2，但是... Pypi 的源代码 tar.gz 已过时。

score 1 · Accepted Answer

对于这些类型的错误，可以采取简单的步骤：

阅读错误并识别丢失的文件，您已经完成了，您似乎丢失了ft2build.h
转到Alpine 软件包网站并浏览Contents选项卡
在字段文件中输入您丢失的文件的名称；在Branch中，选择您的 Alpine 版本并在Repository中选择main
这将指向一个特定的包，只需apk在Dockerfile中安装它，你就可以开始使用了

在您的情况下，这是在 Alpine 3.12 版上进行此类搜索的结果：

因此，您可以修复在现有apk命令中添加包的问题freetype-dev

RUN apk add --no-cache \
      freetype-dev

score 0 · Accepted Answer

这对我有用，并且仅适用于 python:3.8.10 或更高版本以及 Pymupdf:1.18.14：

1）。仅当您没有安装 python 时：
apk add --update py-pip

2）。安装依赖项：

apk add --no-cache \
python3-dev \
mupdf-dev \
gcc \
libc-dev \
musl-dev \
jbig2dec \
openjpeg-dev \
jpeg-dev \
harfbuzz-dev

3）。创建快捷方式：
ln -s /usr/lib/libjbig2dec.so.0 /usr/lib/libjbig2dec.so

4）。安装 PymuPdf：
pip install pymupdf

只有当你想同时做：

apk add --update py-pip \
&& apk add --no-cache \
python3-dev \
mupdf-dev \
gcc \
libc-dev \
musl-dev \
jbig2dec \
openjpeg-dev \
jpeg-dev \
harfbuzz-dev \
&& ln -s /usr/lib/libjbig2dec.so.0 /usr/lib/libjbig2dec.so \
&& pip install pymupdf

score 0 · Accepted Answer

问题是 PyPI 上没有用于 docker 文件建立的环境的轮子。在这种情况下，pip 会尝试从源代码创建 PyMuPDF。因为 PyMuPDF 是 MuPDF 的绑定，所以当没有安装 MuPDF 时，这反过来必然会失败......就像这里一样。因此解决方案是

在安装 PyMuPDF 之前安装 MuPDF
或使用有轮子的 OS / Python 组合之一。

python - 无法在 alpine docker 映像上安装 PyMuPDF

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