r - 从源代码构建 R 包失败：Win10、RStudio

Question

在我的 Windows 机器上从源代码安装包对我来说失败。我卸载了 RStudio、R 并删除了 rtools40 文件夹，重新启动并重新安装了这些项目。我相信我已经正确设置了路径。

#troubleshooting installation
pkgbuild::find_rtools()
pkgbuild::has_rtools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::check_rtools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::rtools_path()
pkgbuild::check_build_tools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::check_compiler(TRUE)
Sys.getenv("PATH")
Sys.getenv('BINPREF')
sessionInfo()

#Test installation from source via CRAN
pkgbuild::with_build_tools(install.packages("lme4", type = "source"))

这是输出：

Restarting R session...

> #troubleshooting installation
> pkgbuild::find_rtools()
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::has_rtools(TRUE)
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::check_rtools(TRUE)
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::rtools_path()
[1] "C:\\rtools40/usr/bin"
> pkgbuild::check_build_tools(TRUE)
Your system is ready to build packages!
> pkgbuild::check_compiler(TRUE)
Trying to compile a simple C file
Running "C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/x64/Rcmd.exe" SHLIB foo.c
Warning message:
In system(cmd) : 'make' not found
Error: Failed to compile C code
> Sys.getenv("PATH")
[1] "C:\\Program Files\\R\\R-4.0.3\\bin\\x64;C:\\rtools40\\bin;C:\\rtools40\\mingw64\\bin;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft SDKs\\Azure\\CLI2\\wbin;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files\\Oracle\\Java\\javapath;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Program Files\\Pandoc\\;C:\\Program Files\\Git\\cmd;C:\\Program Files\\dotnet\\;C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\130\\Tools\\Binn\\;C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\Client SDK\\ODBC\\170\\Tools\\Binn\\;C:\\Users\\nealm\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps;C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3;C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\Scripts;C:\\Users\\nealm\\.conda\\pkgs\\conda-4.7.5-py37_0\\Scripts;C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\Library\\bin;C:\\Users\\nealm\\AppData\\Local\\GitHubDesktop\\bin;C:\\Users\\nealm\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps;C:\\Users\\nealm\\AppData\\Roaming\\TinyTeX\\bin\\win32;"
> Sys.getenv('BINPREF')
[1] "C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/"
> sessionInfo()
R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19041)

Matrix products: default

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_New Zealand.1252  LC_CTYPE=English_New Zealand.1252    LC_MONETARY=English_New Zealand.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                         LC_TIME=English_New Zealand.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] processx_3.4.5      compiler_4.0.3      assertthat_0.2.1    R6_2.5.0            cli_2.2.0           livecode_0.1.0.9000
 [7] prettyunits_1.1.1   tools_4.0.3         glue_1.4.2          rstudioapi_0.13     Rcpp_1.0.5          remotes_2.2.0      
[13] crayon_1.3.4        fansi_0.4.1         callr_3.5.1         ps_1.4.0            pkgbuild_1.1.0     
> 
> #Test installation from source via CRAN
> pkgbuild::with_build_tools(install.packages("lme4", type = "source"))
Installing package into ‘C:/Rpackages’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/lme4_1.1-26.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 3297635 bytes (3.1 MB)
downloaded 3.1 MB

* installing *source* package 'lme4' ...
** package 'lme4' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs

*** arch - i386
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include'        -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c external.cpp -o external.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include'        -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c glmFamily.cpp -o glmFamily.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include'        -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c optimizer.cpp -o optimizer.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include'        -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c predModule.cpp -o predModule.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include'        -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c respModule.cpp -o respModule.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -shared -s -static-libgcc -o lme4.dll tmp.def external.o glmFamily.o optimizer.o predModule.o respModule.o -LC:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386 -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: skipping incompatible C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386/R.dll when searching for -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: skipping incompatible C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386/R.dll when searching for -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lR
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
no DLL was created
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'lme4'
* removing 'C:/Rpackages/lme4'
* restoring previous 'C:/Rpackages/lme4'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘lme4’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
    ‘C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpwPwykm\downloaded_packages’
>

该问题似乎不是特定于lme4包的。

score 1 · Accepted Answer

这更像是一种解决方法，而不是一个正确的答案。从源代码安装和构建的替代方法是安装预构建的二进制文件。如果一个不可用，您可以远程构建它。在这种情况下，对于我感兴趣的包，github上的rundel/livecode，我：

分叉了 repo（在本例中为 rundel/livecode）。此步骤可能是可选的。
Downloaded the tar.gz (remotes::install_github("markbneal/livecode") which doesn't install it, but the error tells you where it saves the .tar.gz file locally.
Used rhub to build the package binary for windows, go to this website https://builder.r-hub.io/ and upload your tar.gz file, ensuring rhub has your email address (click "advanced" button to provide your email address as alternate - you will need to validate it). That emails me a zip 5 minutes later.
Then copy the livecode folder in the zip that is emailed to me to my "R packages" folder location. Package should now work for you, in my case library(livecode)

Edited six months later when I had to use this process again!

r - 从源代码构建 R 包失败：Win10、RStudio

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