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在 SHACL 规范中，据我所知，没有什么禁止关闭 PropertyShape。

以下是来自SHACL Playground的默认示例，已纠正默认错误，因此数据有效。

形状：

@prefix dash: <http://datashapes.org/dash#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix schema: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

schema:PersonShape
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:targetClass schema:Person ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path schema:givenName ;
        sh:datatype xsd:string ;
        sh:name "given name" ;
    ] ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path schema:birthDate ;
        sh:lessThan schema:deathDate ;
        sh:maxCount 1 ;
    ] ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path schema:gender ;
        sh:in ( "female" "male" ) ;
    ] ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path schema:address ;
        sh:node schema:AddressShape ;
    ] .

schema:AddressShape
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:closed true ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path schema:streetAddress ;
        sh:datatype xsd:string ;
    ] ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path schema:postalCode ;
        sh:or ( [ sh:datatype xsd:string ] [ sh:datatype xsd:integer ] ) ;
        sh:minInclusive 10000 ;
        sh:maxInclusive 99999 ;
    ] .

数据（有效 - 无验证结果）：

@prefix ex: <http://example.org/ns#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix schema: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

ex:Bob
    a schema:Person ;
    schema:givenName "Robert" ;
    schema:familyName "Junior" ;
    schema:birthDate "1971-07-07"^^xsd:date ;
    schema:deathDate "2068-09-10"^^xsd:date ;
    schema:address ex:BobsAddress .

ex:BobsAddress
    schema:streetAddress "1600 Amphitheatre Pkway" ;
    schema:postalCode 19404

现在，当您关闭类似的sh:path schema:address属性形状时schema:PersonShape：

    sh:property [
        sh:closed true ;
        sh:path schema:address ;
        sh:node schema:AddressShape ;
    ] .

通过此更改，有验证结果：

[
    a sh:ValidationResult ;
    sh:resultSeverity sh:Violation ;
    sh:sourceConstraintComponent sh:ClosedConstraintComponent ;
    sh:sourceShape _:n1121 ;
    sh:focusNode <http://example.org/ns#Bob> ;
    sh:resultPath schema:streetAddress ;
    sh:value "1600 Amphitheatre Pkway" ;
    sh:resultMessage "Predicate is not allowed (closed shape)" ;
] .
[
    a sh:ValidationResult ;
    sh:resultSeverity sh:Violation ;
    sh:sourceConstraintComponent sh:ClosedConstraintComponent ;
    sh:sourceShape _:n1121 ;
    sh:focusNode <http://example.org/ns#Bob> ;
    sh:resultPath schema:postalCode ;
    sh:value 19404 ;
    sh:resultMessage "Predicate is not allowed (closed shape)" ;
] .

sh:close的规范说：

[...] 一个名为 sh:close 的属性，可用于指定条件，即每个值节点仅具有通过 sh:property 为形状指定的属性形状显式枚举的那些属性的值。

很抱歉：我无法解释正在发生的事情以及应该发生的事情（如果两者不同）。

有人可以解释观察到/指定的行为吗？

谢谢！

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