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System.Numerics.Vector 为 .NET Core 和 .NET Framework 带来了 SIMD 支持。它适用于 .NET Framework 4.6+ 和 .NET Core。

// Baseline
public void SimpleSumArray() 
{
    for (int i = 0; i < left.Length; i++)
        results[i] = left[i] + right[i];
}

// Using Vector<T> for SIMD support
public void SimpleSumVectors() 
{
    int ceiling = left.Length / floatSlots * floatSlots;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < ceiling; i += floatSlots)
    {
        Vector<float> v1 = new Vector<float>(left, i);
        Vector<float> v2 = new Vector<float>(right, i);
        (v1 + v2).CopyTo(results, i);
    }
    for (int i = ceiling; i < left.Length; i++)
    {
        results[i] = left[i] + right[i];
    }
}

不幸的是,向量的初始化可能是限制步骤。为了解决这个问题,一些来源建议使用 MemoryMarshal 将源数组转换为向量数组 [1][2]。例如:

// Improving Vector<T> Initialization Performance
public void SimpleSumVectorsNoCopy() 
{
    int numVectors = left.Length / floatSlots;
    int ceiling = numVectors * floatSlots;
    // leftMemory is simply a ReadOnlyMemory<float> referring to the "left" array
    ReadOnlySpan<Vector<float>> leftVecArray = MemoryMarshal.Cast<float, Vector<float>>(leftMemory.Span);
    ReadOnlySpan<Vector<float>> rightVecArray = MemoryMarshal.Cast<float, Vector<float>>(rightMemory.Span);
    Span<Vector<float>> resultsVecArray = MemoryMarshal.Cast<float, Vector<float>>(resultsMemory.Span);
    for (int i = 0; i < numVectors; i++)
        resultsVecArray[i] = leftVecArray[i] + rightVecArray[i];
}

在 .NET Core 上运行时,这会显着提高性能:

|                 Method |      Mean |     Error |    StdDev |
|----------------------- |----------:|----------:|----------:|
|         SimpleSumArray | 165.90 us | 0.1393 us | 0.1303 us |
|       SimpleSumVectors |  53.69 us | 0.0473 us | 0.0443 us |
| SimpleSumVectorsNoCopy |  31.65 us | 0.1242 us | 0.1162 us |

不幸的是,在.NET Framework上,这种初始化向量的方式会产生相反的效果。它实际上会导致更差的性能:

|                 Method |      Mean |    Error |   StdDev |
|----------------------- |----------:|---------:|---------:|
|         SimpleSumArray | 152.92 us | 0.128 us | 0.114 us |
|       SimpleSumVectors |  52.35 us | 0.041 us | 0.038 us |
| SimpleSumVectorsNoCopy |  77.50 us | 0.089 us | 0.084 us |

有没有办法在 .NET Framework 上优化 Vector 的初始化并获得与 .NET Core 相似的性能?已使用此示例应用程序 [1] 进行了测量。

[1] https://github.com/CBGonzalez/SIMDPerformance

[2] https://stackoverflow.com/a/62702334/430935

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1 回答 1

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据我所知,在 .NET Framework 4.6 或 4.7(大概这将在 5.0 中全部更改)中加载矢量的唯一有效方法是使用不安全的代码,例如使用Unsafe.Read<Vector<float>>(或其未对齐的变体,如果适用):

public unsafe void SimpleSumVectors()
{
    int ceiling = left.Length / floatSlots * floatSlots;

    fixed (float* leftp = left, rightp = right, resultsp = results)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < ceiling; i += floatSlots)
        {
            Unsafe.Write(resultsp + i, 
                Unsafe.Read<Vector<float>>(leftp + i) + Unsafe.Read<Vector<float>>(rightp + i));
        }
    }
    for (int i = ceiling; i < left.Length; i++)
    {
        results[i] = left[i] + right[i];
    }
}

这使用了System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe可以通过 NuGet 获得的包,但也可以不使用它。

于 2020-11-08T10:18:41.920 回答