我使用 Maven 向导在 Eclipse 中创建了一个项目，并编辑了该pom.xml文件以包含我的依赖项。我的项目使用 Open Feign，在 Eclipse 中构建和运行，但是当我使用 Maven 在命令行中构建它时出现以下运行时错误：
Error: Unable to initialize main class edu.mills.cs180a.BookRepositoryImplFeign
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: feign/codec/Encoder
这是我的pom.xml文件：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>edu.mills.cs.180a</groupId>
<artifactId>book-client-example</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>book-client</name>
<description>Book REST API example</description>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.target>15</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.source> 15</maven.compiler.source>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- Begin Open Feign dependencies -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.github.openfeign/feign-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-core</artifactId>
<version>11.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.github.openfeign/feign-jackson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-jackson</artifactId>
<version>11.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- End Open Feign dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-form</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
<version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
要在 Eclipse 中构建和运行它，我只需要前两个依赖项。我添加了其余部分以试图消除错误。
这是一个命令行脚本：
$ mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.6.3 (cecedd343002696d0abb50b32b541b8a6ba2883f)
Maven home: C:\Program Files\apache-maven-3.6.3
Java version: 15.0.1, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-15.0.1
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: Cp1252
OS name: "windows 10", version: "10.0", arch: "amd64", family: "windows"
$ mvn clean
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ---------------< edu.mills.cs.180a:book-client-example >----------------
[INFO] Building book-client 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ book-client-example ---
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 0.153 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-11-03T10:54:18-08:00
[INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
$ mvn package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ---------------< edu.mills.cs.180a:book-client-example >----------------
[INFO] Building book-client 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ book-client-example ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\Users\ellen\eclipse-workspace9\book-client-example\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ book-client-example ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 4 source files to C:\Users\ellen\eclipse-workspace9\book-client-example\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ book-client-example ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\Users\ellen\eclipse-workspace9\book-client-example\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ book-client-example ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ book-client-example ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ book-client-example ---
[INFO] Building jar: C:\Users\ellen\eclipse-workspace9\book-client-example\target\book-client-example-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.748 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-11-03T10:54:25-08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ java -cp target/book-client-example-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar edu.mills.cs180a.BookRepositoryImplFeign
Error: Unable to initialize main class edu.mills.cs180a.BookRepositoryImplFeign
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: feign/codec/Encoder
另见回购。
更新
根据以下答案，我将其添加到pom.xml：
<build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
<mainClass>edu.mills.cs180a.BookRepositoryImplFeign</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
当我尝试构建和运行时，我仍然遇到同样的错误：
$ java -jar target/book-client-example-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
Error: Unable to initialize main class edu.mills.cs180a.BookRepositoryImplFeign
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: feign/codec/Encoder