我希望能够转储包含长字符串的字典,我希望在块样式中具有可读性。例如:
foo: |
this is a
block literal
bar: >
this is a
folded block
PyYAML 支持加载具有这种样式的文档,但我似乎找不到以这种方式转储文档的方法。我错过了什么吗?
import yaml
class folded_unicode(unicode): pass
class literal_unicode(unicode): pass
def folded_unicode_representer(dumper, data):
return dumper.represent_scalar(u'tag:yaml.org,2002:str', data, style='>')
def literal_unicode_representer(dumper, data):
return dumper.represent_scalar(u'tag:yaml.org,2002:str', data, style='|')
yaml.add_representer(folded_unicode, folded_unicode_representer)
yaml.add_representer(literal_unicode, literal_unicode_representer)
data = {
'literal':literal_unicode(
u'by hjw ___\n'
' __ /.-.\\\n'
' / )_____________\\\\ Y\n'
' /_ /=== == === === =\\ _\\_\n'
'( /)=== == === === == Y \\\n'
' `-------------------( o )\n'
' \\___/\n'),
'folded': folded_unicode(
u'It removes all ordinary curses from all equipped items. '
'Heavy or permanent curses are unaffected.\n')}
print yaml.dump(data)
结果:
folded: >
It removes all ordinary curses from all equipped items. Heavy or permanent curses
are unaffected.
literal: |
by hjw ___
__ /.-.\
/ )_____________\\ Y
/_ /=== == === === =\ _\_
( /)=== == === === == Y \
`-------------------( o )
\___/
为了完整起见,还应该有 str 实现,但我会偷懒:-)
pyyaml
确实支持转储文字或折叠块。
Representer.add_representer
定义类型:
class folded_str(str): pass
class literal_str(str): pass
class folded_unicode(unicode): pass
class literal_unicode(str): pass
然后,您可以为这些类型定义代表。请注意,虽然Gary的解决方案适用于 unicode,但您可能需要做更多的工作才能使字符串正常工作(请参阅表示的实现)。
def change_style(style, representer):
def new_representer(dumper, data):
scalar = representer(dumper, data)
scalar.style = style
return scalar
return new_representer
import yaml
from yaml.representer import SafeRepresenter
# represent_str does handle some corner cases, so use that
# instead of calling represent_scalar directly
represent_folded_str = change_style('>', SafeRepresenter.represent_str)
represent_literal_str = change_style('|', SafeRepresenter.represent_str)
represent_folded_unicode = change_style('>', SafeRepresenter.represent_unicode)
represent_literal_unicode = change_style('|', SafeRepresenter.represent_unicode)
然后您可以将这些代表添加到默认转储程序中:
yaml.add_representer(folded_str, represent_folded_str)
yaml.add_representer(literal_str, represent_literal_str)
yaml.add_representer(folded_unicode, represent_folded_unicode)
yaml.add_representer(literal_unicode, represent_literal_unicode)
...并测试它:
data = {
'foo': literal_str('this is a\nblock literal'),
'bar': folded_unicode('this is a folded block'),
}
print yaml.dump(data)
结果:
bar: >-
this is a folded block
foo: |-
this is a
block literal
default_style
如果您有兴趣让所有字符串都遵循默认样式,您还可以使用default_style
关键字参数,例如:
>>> data = { 'foo': 'line1\nline2\nline3' }
>>> print yaml.dump(data, default_style='|')
"foo": |-
line1
line2
line3
或对于折叠文字:
>>> print yaml.dump(data, default_style='>')
"foo": >-
line1
line2
line3
或者对于双引号文字:
>>> print yaml.dump(data, default_style='"')
"foo": "line1\nline2\nline3"
这是您可能没想到的示例:
data = {
'foo': literal_str('this is a\nblock literal'),
'bar': folded_unicode('this is a folded block'),
'non-printable': literal_unicode('this has a \t tab in it'),
'leading': literal_unicode(' with leading white spaces'),
'trailing': literal_unicode('with trailing white spaces '),
}
print yaml.dump(data)
结果是:
bar: >-
this is a folded block
foo: |-
this is a
block literal
leading: |2-
with leading white spaces
non-printable: "this has a \t tab in it"
trailing: "with trailing white spaces "
有关转义字符,请参阅 YAML 规范(第 5.7 节):
请注意,转义序列仅在双引号标量中解释。在所有其他标量样式中,“\”字符没有特殊含义,并且不可打印字符不可用。
如果要保留不可打印的字符(例如 TAB),则需要使用双引号标量。如果您能够转储具有文字样式的标量,并且其中有不可打印的字符(例如 TAB),则您的 YAML 转储程序不兼容。
例如,即使指定了默认样式,也会pyyaml
检测到不可打印的字符并使用双引号样式:\t
>>> data = { 'foo': 'line1\nline2\n\tline3' }
>>> print yaml.dump(data, default_style='"')
"foo": "line1\nline2\n\tline3"
>>> print yaml.dump(data, default_style='>')
"foo": "line1\nline2\n\tline3"
>>> print yaml.dump(data, default_style='|')
"foo": "line1\nline2\n\tline3"
规范中的另一点有用信息是:
所有前导和尾随空白字符都从内容中排除
这意味着如果您的字符串确实有前导或尾随空格,则它们不会以双引号以外的标量样式保留。因此,pyyaml
尝试检测标量中的内容并可能强制使用双引号样式。
这可以相对容易地完成,唯一的“障碍”是如何指示字符串中需要表示为折叠标量的哪些空格需要变成折叠。文字标量具有包含该信息的显式换行符,但这不能用于折叠标量,因为它们可以包含显式换行符,例如,如果有前导空格并且在末尾还需要一个换行符,以便不使用剥离 chomping 表示指标 ( >-
)
import sys
import ruamel.yaml
folded = ruamel.yaml.scalarstring.FoldedScalarString
literal = ruamel.yaml.scalarstring.LiteralScalarString
yaml = ruamel.yaml.YAML()
data = dict(
foo=literal('this is a\nblock literal\n'),
bar=folded('this is a folded block\n'),
)
data['bar'].fold_pos = [data['bar'].index(' folded')]
yaml.dump(data, sys.stdout)
这使:
foo: |
this is a
block literal
bar: >
this is a
folded block
该fold_pos
属性需要一个可逆的迭代,表示空间的位置,指示折叠的位置。
如果您的字符串中从未有管道字符('|'),您可以执行以下操作:
import re
s = 'this is a|folded block\n'
sf = folded(s.replace('|', ' ')) # need to have a space!
sf.fold_pos = [x.start() for x in re.finditer('\|', s)] # | is special in re, needs escaping
data = dict(
foo=literal('this is a\nblock literal\n'),
bar=sf, # need to have a space
)
yaml = ruamel.yaml.YAML()
yaml.dump(data, sys.stdout)
这也给出了你期望的输出