91

我是新手Flutter

运行简单的颤振应用程序时出现此错误。我无法弄清楚为什么会发生此错误。

错误

Null check operator used on a null value

我在 main.dart 中的代码

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import './ui/login.dart';

void main() {
  
  runApp(new MaterialApp(
    title: "Login Template",
    home: new Login(),
  ));
}

我在 login.dart 中的代码

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class Login extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() {
    return new LoginState();
  }
}

class LoginState extends State<Login> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Scaffold(
      appBar: new AppBar(
        title: new Text("Login"),
        centerTitle: true,
        backgroundColor: Colors.blueAccent.shade50,
      ),
      backgroundColor: Colors.blueGrey,
      body: new Container(

      ),
    );
  }
}

代码的错误跟踪

Running Gradle task 'assembleDebug'...
✓ Built build/app/outputs/flutter-apk/app-debug.apk.
Installing build/app/outputs/flutter-apk/app.apk...
Waiting for SM J710F to report its views...
D/vndksupport(29495): Loading /vendor/lib/hw/android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-impl.so from current namespace instead of sphal namespace.
Debug service listening on ws://127.0.0.1:39899/9RorUiKtUb4=/ws
Syncing files to device SM J710F...
D/ViewRootImpl@4ac1ef4[MainActivity](29495): MSG_RESIZED_REPORT: frame=Rect(0, 0 - 720, 1280) ci=Rect(0, 48 - 0, 582) vi=Rect(0, 48 - 0, 582) or=1
D/ViewRootImpl@4ac1ef4[MainActivity](29495): MSG_WINDOW_FOCUS_CHANGED 1
V/InputMethodManager(29495): Starting input: tba=android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo@3049fea nm : com.sivaram.login_template ic=null
D/InputMethodManager(29495): startInputInner - Id : 0
I/InputMethodManager(29495): startInputInner - mService.startInputOrWindowGainedFocus
D/InputTransport(29495): Input channel constructed: fd=96
V/InputMethodManager(29495): Starting input: tba=android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo@aad92db nm : com.sivaram.login_template ic=null
D/InputMethodManager(29495): startInputInner - Id : 0
D/ViewRootImpl@4ac1ef4[MainActivity](29495): MSG_RESIZED: frame=Rect(0, 0 - 720, 1280) ci=Rect(0, 48 - 0, 0) vi=Rect(0, 48 - 0, 0) or=1
D/ViewRootImpl@4ac1ef4[MainActivity](29495): Relayout returned: old=[0,0][720,1280] new=[0,0][720,1280] result=0x1 surface={valid=true 3791374336} changed=false
D/libGLESv2(29495): STS_GLApi : DTS, ODTC are not allowed for Package : com.sivaram.login_template

════════ Exception caught by widgets library ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Null check operator used on a null value
Login file:///home/kadavul/IdeaProjects/login_template/lib/main.dart:8:15
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
V/InputMethodManager(29495): Starting input: tba=android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo@a0ff0af nm : com.sivaram.login_template ic=null
D/InputMethodManager(29495): startInputInner - Id : 0
I/InputMethodManager(29495): startInputInner - mService.startInputOrWindowGainedFocus
D/InputTransport(29495): Input channel constructed: fd=87
D/InputTransport(29495): Input channel destroyed: fd=96
D/SurfaceView(29495): windowStopped(true) false 77b9092 of ViewRootImpl@4ac1ef4[MainActivity]
D/SurfaceView(29495): BG show() Surface(name=Background for - SurfaceView - com.sivaram.login_template/com.sivaram.login_template.MainActivity@77b9092@0) io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterSurfaceView{77b9092 V.E...... ........ 0,0-720,1280}
D/SurfaceView(29495): surfaceDestroyed 1 #1 io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterSurfaceView{77b9092 V.E...... ........ 0,0-720,1280}
V/InputMethodManager(29495): Starting input: tba=android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo@a78fcbc nm : com.sivaram.login_template ic=null
D/InputMethodManager(29495): startInputInner - Id : 0
I/InputMethodManager(29495): startInputInner - mService.startInputOrWindowGainedFocus
D/InputTransport(29495): Input channel constructed: fd=91
D/InputTransport(29495): Input channel destroyed: fd=87
D/SurfaceView(29495): windowStopped(false) true 77b9092 of ViewRootImpl@4ac1ef4[MainActivity]
D/SurfaceView(29495): BG show() Surface(name=Background for - SurfaceView - com.sivaram.login_template/com.sivaram.login_template.MainActivity@77b9092@1) io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterSurfaceView{77b9092 V.E...... ........ 0,0-720,1280}
V/Surface (29495): sf_framedrop debug : 0x4f4c, game : false, logging : 0
D/SurfaceView(29495): surfaceCreated 1 #1 io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterSurfaceView{77b9092 V.E...... ........ 0,0-720,1280}
D/mali_winsys(29495): EGLint new_window_surface(egl_winsys_display *, void *, EGLSurface, EGLConfig, egl_winsys_surface **, egl_color_buffer_format *, EGLBoolean) returns 0x3000,  [720x1280]-format:1
D/SurfaceView(29495): surfaceChanged (720,1280) 1 #1 io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterSurfaceView{77b9092 V.E...... ........ 0,0-720,1280}
D/SurfaceView(29495): BG destroy() Surface(name=Background for - SurfaceView - com.sivaram.login_template/com.sivaram.login_template.MainActivity@77b9092@0) io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterSurfaceView{77b9092 V.E...... ........ 0,0-720,1280}
D/ViewRootImpl@4ac1ef4[MainActivity](29495): Relayout returned: old=[0,0][720,1280] new=[0,0][720,1280] result=0x3 surface={valid=true 3791374336} changed=false
D/ViewRootImpl@4ac1ef4[MainActivity](29495): MSG_RESIZED_REPORT: frame=Rect(0, 0 - 720, 1280) ci=Rect(0, 48 - 0, 0) vi=Rect(0, 48 - 0, 0) or=1
V/InputMethodManager(29495): Starting input: tba=android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo@7ed1445 nm : com.sivaram.login_template ic=null
D/InputMethodManager(29495): startInputInner - Id : 0
I/InputMethodManager(29495): startInputInner - mService.startInputOrWindowGainedFocus
D/InputTransport(29495): Input channel constructed: fd=92
D/InputTransport(29495): Input channel destroyed: fd=91
D/SurfaceView(29495): windowStopped(true) false 77b9092 of ViewRootImpl@4ac1ef4[MainActivity]
D/SurfaceView(29495): BG show() Surface(name=Background for - SurfaceView - com.sivaram.login_template/com.sivaram.login_template.MainActivity@77b9092@1) io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterSurfaceView{77b9092 V.E...... ........ 0,0-720,1280}
D/SurfaceView(29495): surfaceDestroyed 1 #1 io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterSurfaceView{77b9092 V.E...... ........ 0,0-720,1280}

我的颤振医生输出


fatal: ambiguous argument 'HEAD': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.
Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:
'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'
Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
Failed to find the latest git commit date: VersionCheckError: Command exited with code 128: git -c log.showSignature=false log -n 1 --pretty=format:%ad --date=iso
Standard out: 
Standard error: fatal: your current branch 'master' does not have any commits yet

Returning 1970-01-01 05:30:00.000 instead.
[✓] Flutter (Channel unknown, 0.0.0-unknown, on Linux, locale en_US.UTF-8)
 
[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 30.0.2)
[✓] Android Studio (version 4.0)
[!] VS Code (version 1.50.0)
    ✗ Flutter extension not installed; install from
      https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Dart-Code.flutter
[✓] Connected device (1 available)

! Doctor found issues in 1 category.

任何人都可以为此提供解决方案吗?

4

6 回答 6

121

不要降级 Flutter

问题:

!当您在未初始化的可为空的实例上使用 bang 运算符 ( ) 时,会发生此错误。

例如:

String? foo; // Nullable String

void main() {
  var len = foo!.length; // Runtime error: Null check operator used on a null value
}

解决方案:

您需要找出在代码中使用 bang 运算符的位置。到达那里后,您可以使用以下任何解决方案:

  • 使用局部变量

    var f = foo;
    if (f != null) {
      var len = f.length; // Safe 
    }
    
  • 使用?.和??

    var len = foo?.length ?? 0; // Provide a default value if foo was null.
    

要回答您的问题:

你正在使用

Colors.blueAccent.shade50

没有50阴影。如果你查看源代码,你会发现:

Color get shade50 => this[50]!; // <-- This bang operator is causing the error.

要解决此错误,您应该使用其他颜色不是null,也许是100th 阴影。

Colors.blueAccent[100]
// or
Colors.blue.shade100

对于那些使用FutureBuilder/的人StreamBuilder

您可以通过两种方式解决错误:

  • FutureBuilder为您的/指定一个类型StreamBuilder

    FutureBuilder<List<int>>( // <-- type 'List<int>' is specified.
      future: _listOfInt(),
      builder: (_, snapshot) {
        if (snapshot.hasData) {
          List<int> myList = snapshot.data!; // <-- Your data
        }
        return Container();
      },
    )
    
  • 用于as向下转换Object为您的类型,例如 aListMap

    FutureBuilder(
      future: _listOfInt(),
      builder: (_, snapshot) {
        if (snapshot.hasData) {
          var myList = snapshot.data! as List<int>; // <-- Your data using 'as'
        }
        return Container();
      },
    )
    
于 2021-06-15T16:50:21.863 回答
28

任何使用get_it包并遇到类似问题的人,这里是最简单的解决方案。只需添加 WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized(); 在主要功能的顶部。

像这样更改您的主要功能:

Future<void> main() async {
WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
await di.init()
runApp(MyApp());}
于 2021-06-13T08:03:57.727 回答
25

更喜欢CopsOnRoad 的答案,只有在这不起作用时才降级。

我们需要解决上述问题的步骤如下


 - flutter channel stable 
 - flutter upgrade
 - flutter pub cache repair //To perform a clean reinstall of the packages in your system cache, use pub cache repair
 - flutter clean //flutter clean will delete the /build folder

当我尝试flutter channel stable . 我遇到了另一个错误,因为我有两个颤振,一个来自 snapd,另一个来自 git clone 方法。

然后,我使用 git clone 配置了 SDK。最后,我使用 Git 克隆的 SDK 颤振执行所有命令如下

flutter channel stable 
 - ~/flutter/bin/flutter upgrade
 - ~/flutter/bin/flutter pub cache repair //To perform a clean reinstall of the packages in your system cache, use pub cache repair
 - ~/flutter/bin/flutter clean //flutter clean will delete the /build folder

于 2020-10-09T12:25:06.857 回答
6

该问题可能与dartlang中集成的空安全性有关。现在您可以切换频道并使用稳定频道:

flutter channel stable
flutter upgrade
于 2020-10-09T11:15:34.073 回答
6

Provider反模式

如果我们在包之外遇到此错误,那么我们可能需要查看我们如何使用第三方依赖项。就我而言,Provider反模式正在引起问题。

对象的生命周期与Provider常规小部件不同,因为它可能会根据使用情况意外地重新创建或根本不创建。

示例 1

ChangeNotifierProvider在初始化块外部时,我遇到了一个简单的可重现示例create:

好的

ChangeNotifierProvider(
  create: (_) => ToDoContainerModel(),
  builder: (context, _) {
    return home;
}));

坏的

ChangeNotifierProvider(
  create: (_) => model,
  builder: (context, _) {
    return home;
}));

这在存储库中记录为反模式:

不要使用默认构造函数重用现有的 ChangeNotifier。

示例 2

另一个可能导致类似副作用的反模式是:

如果要创建对象,请不要使用.value构造函数,否则可能会产生不希望的副作用。

好的

ChangeNotifierProvider.value(
  create: (_) => MyModel(),
  child: ...
)

坏的

ChangeNotifierProvider.value(
  value: MyModel(),
  child: ...
)

错误原因

sqflite数据库应该只有一次调用以openDatabase保持一致性。使用ChangeNotifierProvider反模式,我得到了这个错误,因为我触发openDatabase了不止一次。因此,我触发了未处理的异常,因为当我们在重复调用中指定相同的数据库路径时,sqflite内部返回 null 。openDatabase

提示:当您在软件包之外收到此错误时,请检查第三方文档。

于 2021-08-21T21:33:16.707 回答
6

对于像我这样的新手,请尝试重新启动应用程序而不是热重新加载它。

于 2021-05-15T10:52:22.837 回答