compiler-construction - 目标代码上的语言痕迹

Question

是否可以查看目标代码并判断最初使用哪种语言来生成它？还是语言会在目标代码上留下痕迹或印记？各种语言的编译器是否使用给定 ISA 的固定格式来开发目标代码？

Answer 1

There is no general algorithm, but in practice it is often possible. Usually you can just look at the libraries that the application depends on - if a Windows application depends on msvcrt.dll, for example, then there's a high chance that it's a C or C++ program compiled with Visual C++. Sometimes a compiler leaves traces of evidence in the .data section. Here is what I see when opening a "Hello, World!"-like Haskell binary (compiled with GHC) in a hex editor:

Here's what GCC's "copyright notice" looks like:

A trained eye can even recognize compiler version by looking at disassembly (every compiler optimizes code slightly differently and has its own implementation quirks). If you need to automate this, I suggest looking at machine learning techniques.

Answer 2

没有。x86 就是 x86——一旦采用这种格式，就没有原始语言的痕迹。