this is a question that comes up quite often.
Im afraid the answer is no, you can't change fonts or colors. One big part of Adaptive Cards is that the host (in this case MS Teams) decides the look and feel of cards. You can set colors in a limited way if you choose the danger, accent, warning etc colors but you can't change the colorcode directly. The actual color for lets say danger is picked by the host you're sending the card to.
You can set a background as you've done in your example but that still isn't a real "background color" its just an image used as card background.
The "setHostConfig" part you are talking about can only be used if you are rendering the card yourself. If you want to know which things are customizable if you're the host yourself, have a look here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/adaptive-cards/rendering-cards/host-config
Tim