我正在尝试使用无头铬（使用 puppeteer）将 html 打印为 pdf并且一切正常，除非 html 包含大的 png 图像（超过 10.000x10.000px）渲染页面的整个过程需要非常长时间（最多半小时，但如果使用非无头模式只需要大约 10 秒）。经过几天的调查和调整，我得出结论，这一定是页面合成过程的问题。
以下是chrome://gpu无头和非无头模式下的页面转储。我注意到的唯一显着区别是，当无头运行 chrome 时，puppeteer 会自行附加--disable-gpu-compositing，--allow-pre-commit-input我认为这会导致戏剧性的性能下降。
此外，在非无头模式下，chrome 会看到 2 个 gpu 单元：
GPU0 VENDOR= 0x10de, DEVICE=0x1d01 *ACTIVE*
GPU1 VENDOR= 0x8086, DEVICE=0x1912
在无头模式下只有一个：
GPU0 VENDOR= 0xffff [Google Inc.], DEVICE=0xffff [Google SwiftShader] *ACTIVE*
这是 Vulkan 和 OpenGL ES 图形 API 的基于 CPU 的实现。
所以基本上我的问题是：
有没有办法使用实际 gpu（特别是用于 gpu 合成）与 puppeteer 一起运行无头 chrome/chromium，或者有没有办法在非无头模式下将页面打印到 pdf？
这是我的非无头 chrome gpu 配置（页面渲染速度很快）：
Canvas: Hardware accelerated
Flash: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D Baseline profile: Hardware accelerated
Compositing: Hardware accelerated
Multiple Raster Threads: Force enabled
Out-of-process Rasterization: Hardware accelerated
OpenGL: Enabled
Hardware Protected Video Decode: Unavailable
Rasterization: Hardware accelerated on all pages
Skia Renderer: Enabled
Video Decode: Unavailable
Vulkan: Disabled
WebGL: Hardware accelerated
WebGL2: Hardware accelerated
Chrome version: Chrome/83.0.4103.0
Operating system: Linux 4.13.0-46-generic
2D graphics backend: Skia/83 8ce842d38d0b32149e874d6855c91e8c68ba65a7
Command line:
/home/wojtas/projects/project-generator/node_modules/puppeteer/.local-
chromium/linux-756035/chrome-linux/chrome
--disable-background-networking
--enable-features=NetworkService,NetworkServiceInProcess
--disable-background-timer-throttling
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows
--disable-breakpad
--disable-client-side-phishing-detection
--disable-component-extensions-with-background-pages
--disable-default-apps
--disable-dev-shm-usage
--disable-extensions
--disable-features=TranslateUI
--disable-hang-monitor
--disable-ipc-flooding-protection
--disable-popup-blocking
--disable-prompt-on-repost
--disable-renderer-backgrounding
--disable-sync
--force-color-profile=srgb
--metrics-recording-only
--no-first-run
--enable-automation
--password-store=basic
--use-mock-keychain
--disable-web-security
--user-data-dir=/var/www/project-generator/var/chrome-user-data
--allow-file-access-from-files
--no-sandbox
--no-sandbox-and-elevated
--no-zygote
--enable-webgl
--use-gl=desktop
--use-skia-renderer
--enable-gpu-rasterization
--enable-zero-copy
--disable-gpu-sandbox
--enable-native-gpu-memory-buffers
--disable-background-timer-throttling
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows
--disable-renderer-backgrounding
--ignore-certificate-errors
--enable-hardware-overlays
--num-raster-threads=4
--default-tile-width=512
--default-tile-height=512
--enable-oop-rasterization
--remote-debugging-port=0
--flag-switches-begin
--flag-switches-end
--enable-audio-service-sandbox
这是无头 chrome gpu 配置（速度极慢）
Graphics Feature Status
Canvas: Hardware accelerated
Flash: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D Baseline profile: Hardware accelerated
Compositing: Software only. Hardware acceleration disabled
Multiple Raster Threads: Force enabled
Out-of-process Rasterization: Hardware accelerated
OpenGL: Enabled
Hardware Protected Video Decode: Unavailable
Rasterization: Hardware accelerated on all pages
Skia Renderer: Enabled
Video Decode: Unavailable
Vulkan: Disabled
WebGL: Hardware accelerated but at reduced performance
WebGL2: Hardware accelerated but at reduced performance
Chrome version: HeadlessChrome/83.0.4103.0
Operating system: Linux 4.13.0-46-generic
2D graphics backend: Skia/83 8ce842d38d0b32149e874d6855c91e8c68ba65a7
Command Line:
/home/wojtas/projects/project-generator/node_modules/puppeteer/.local-chromium/linux-756035/chrome-linux/chrome
--disable-background-networking
--enable-features=NetworkService,NetworkServiceInProcess
--disable-background-timer-throttling
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows
--disable-breakpad
--disable-client-side-phishing-detection
--disable-component-extensions-with-background-pages
--disable-default-apps
--disable-dev-shm-usage
--disable-extensions
--disable-features=TranslateUI
--disable-hang-monitor
--disable-ipc-flooding-protection
--disable-popup-blocking
--disable-prompt-on-repost
--disable-renderer-backgrounding
--disable-sync
--force-color-profile=srgb
--metrics-recording-only
--no-first-run
--enable-automation
--password-store=basic
--use-mock-keychain
--headless
--hide-scrollbars
--mute-audio
--disable-web-security
--user-data-dir=/var/www/project-generator/var/chrome-user-data
--allow-file-access-from-files
--no-sandbox
--no-sandbox-and-elevated
--no-zygote
--enable-webgl
--use-gl=desktop
--use-skia-renderer
--enable-gpu-rasterization
--enable-zero-copy
--disable-gpu-sandbox
--enable-native-gpu-memory-buffers
--disable-background-timer-throttling
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows
--disable-renderer-backgrounding
--ignore-certificate-errors
--enable-hardware-overlays
--num-raster-threads=4
--default-tile-width=512
--default-tile-height=512
--enable-oop-rasterization
--remote-debugging-port=0
--disable-gpu-compositing
--allow-pre-commit-input
即使我添加--disable-webgl并且--disable-webgl2仍在
VENDOR= 0xffff [Google Inc.], DEVICE=0xffff [Google SwiftShader] *ACTIVE*使用。
此外：
通过黑名单、about:flags 或命令行禁用了 Gpu 合成。浏览器将退回到软件合成，硬件加速将不可用。禁用功能：gpu_compositing WebGL 已通过黑名单或命令行禁用。禁用功能：webgl WebGL2 已通过黑名单或命令行禁用。禁用功能：webgl2
通知出现在chrome://gpu页面上
图形功能状态：
Canvas: Hardware accelerated
Flash: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D Baseline profile: Hardware accelerated
Compositing: Software only. Hardware acceleration disabled
Multiple Raster Threads: Enabled
Out-of-process Rasterization: Disabled
OpenGL: Enabled
Hardware Protected Video Decode: Unavailable
Rasterization: Hardware accelerated on all pages
Skia Renderer: Enabled
Video Decode: Unavailable
Vulkan: Disabled
WebGL: Disabled
WebGL2: Disabled