fold() 进行并行处理,因此不保证处理顺序。其中 foldLeft 和 foldRight 按从左到右(在 foldLeft 的情况下)或从右到左(在 foldRight 的情况下)顺序处理项目
总和列表的示例 -
val numList = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
val r1 = numList.par.fold(0)((acc, value) => {
println("adding accumulator=" + acc + ", value=" + value + " => " + (acc + value))
acc + value
})
println("fold(): " + r1)
println("#######################")
/*
* You can see from the output that,
* fold process the elements of parallel collection in parallel
* So it is parallel not linear operation.
*
* adding accumulator=0, value=4 => 4
* adding accumulator=0, value=3 => 3
* adding accumulator=0, value=1 => 1
* adding accumulator=0, value=5 => 5
* adding accumulator=4, value=5 => 9
* adding accumulator=0, value=2 => 2
* adding accumulator=3, value=9 => 12
* adding accumulator=1, value=2 => 3
* adding accumulator=3, value=12 => 15
* fold(): 15
*/
val r2 = numList.par.foldLeft(0)((acc, value) => {
println("adding accumulator=" + acc + ", value=" + value + " => " + (acc + value))
acc + value
})
println("foldLeft(): " + r2)
println("#######################")
/*
* You can see that foldLeft
* picks elements from left to right.
* It means foldLeft does sequence operation
*
* adding accumulator=0, value=1 => 1
* adding accumulator=1, value=2 => 3
* adding accumulator=3, value=3 => 6
* adding accumulator=6, value=4 => 10
* adding accumulator=10, value=5 => 15
* foldLeft(): 15
* #######################
*/
// --> Note in foldRight second arguments is accumulated one.
val r3 = numList.par.foldRight(0)((value, acc) => {
println("adding value=" + value + ", acc=" + acc + " => " + (value + acc))
acc + value
})
println("foldRight(): " + r3)
println("#######################")
/*
* You can see that foldRight
* picks elements from right to left.
* It means foldRight does sequence operation.
*
* adding value=5, acc=0 => 5
* adding value=4, acc=5 => 9
* adding value=3, acc=9 => 12
* adding value=2, acc=12 => 14
* adding value=1, acc=14 => 15
* foldRight(): 15
* #######################
*/