我的代码中有一个变量说它是“状态”。
我想根据这个变量值在应用程序中显示一些文本。这必须通过特定的时间延迟来完成。
就像是,
检查状态变量值
显示一些文字
等待 10 秒
检查状态变量值
显示一些文字
等待 15 秒
等等。时间延迟可能会有所不同,并在显示文本后设置。
我试过Thread.sleep(time delay)
了,但失败了。有更好的方法来完成这项工作吗?
我的代码中有一个变量说它是“状态”。
我想根据这个变量值在应用程序中显示一些文本。这必须通过特定的时间延迟来完成。
就像是,
检查状态变量值
显示一些文字
等待 10 秒
检查状态变量值
显示一些文字
等待 15 秒
等等。时间延迟可能会有所不同,并在显示文本后设置。
我试过Thread.sleep(time delay)
了,但失败了。有更好的方法来完成这项工作吗?
为此,您应该使用Handler
'函数。postDelayed
它将在主 UI 线程上以指定的延迟运行您的代码,因此您将能够更新 UI 控件。
private int mInterval = 5000; // 5 seconds by default, can be changed later
private Handler mHandler;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle bundle) {
// your code here
mHandler = new Handler();
startRepeatingTask();
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
stopRepeatingTask();
}
Runnable mStatusChecker = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
updateStatus(); //this function can change value of mInterval.
} finally {
// 100% guarantee that this always happens, even if
// your update method throws an exception
mHandler.postDelayed(mStatusChecker, mInterval);
}
}
};
void startRepeatingTask() {
mStatusChecker.run();
}
void stopRepeatingTask() {
mHandler.removeCallbacks(mStatusChecker);
}
对于任何感兴趣的人,这是我使用 inazaruk 的代码创建的一个类,它创建了所需的一切(我将其称为 UIUpdater,因为我使用它来定期更新 UI,但您可以将其命名为任何您喜欢的名称):
import android.os.Handler;
/**
* A class used to perform periodical updates,
* specified inside a runnable object. An update interval
* may be specified (otherwise, the class will perform the
* update every 2 seconds).
*
* @author Carlos Simões
*/
public class UIUpdater {
// Create a Handler that uses the Main Looper to run in
private Handler mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
private Runnable mStatusChecker;
private int UPDATE_INTERVAL = 2000;
/**
* Creates an UIUpdater object, that can be used to
* perform UIUpdates on a specified time interval.
*
* @param uiUpdater A runnable containing the update routine.
*/
public UIUpdater(final Runnable uiUpdater) {
mStatusChecker = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// Run the passed runnable
uiUpdater.run();
// Re-run it after the update interval
mHandler.postDelayed(this, UPDATE_INTERVAL);
}
};
}
/**
* The same as the default constructor, but specifying the
* intended update interval.
*
* @param uiUpdater A runnable containing the update routine.
* @param interval The interval over which the routine
* should run (milliseconds).
*/
public UIUpdater(Runnable uiUpdater, int interval){
UPDATE_INTERVAL = interval;
this(uiUpdater);
}
/**
* Starts the periodical update routine (mStatusChecker
* adds the callback to the handler).
*/
public synchronized void startUpdates(){
mStatusChecker.run();
}
/**
* Stops the periodical update routine from running,
* by removing the callback.
*/
public synchronized void stopUpdates(){
mHandler.removeCallbacks(mStatusChecker);
}
}
然后,您可以在您的类中创建一个 UIUpdater 对象并像这样使用它:
...
mUIUpdater = new UIUpdater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// do stuff ...
}
});
// Start updates
mUIUpdater.startUpdates();
// Stop updates
mUIUpdater.stopUpdates();
...
如果要将其用作活动更新器,请将开始调用放在 onResume() 方法中,将停止调用放在 onPause() 中,以便根据活动可见性开始和停止更新。
我认为新的热点是使用ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor。像这样:
private final ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor_ =
new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
this.executor_.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
update();
}
}, 0L, kPeriod, kTimeUnit);
有3种方法可以做到:
有点矫枉过正,因为您不需要线程池
//----------------------SCHEDULER-------------------------
private final ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor_ =
new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
ScheduledFuture<?> schedulerFuture;
public void startScheduler() {
schedulerFuture= executor_.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//DO YOUR THINGS
pageIndexSwitcher.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
}, 0L, 5*MILLI_SEC, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
public void stopScheduler() {
pageIndexSwitcher.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
schedulerFuture.cancel(false);
startScheduler();
}
旧安卓风格
//----------------------TIMER TASK-------------------------
private Timer carousalTimer;
private void startTimer() {
carousalTimer = new Timer(); // At this line a new Thread will be created
carousalTimer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
//DO YOUR THINGS
pageIndexSwitcher.setVisibility(INVISIBLE);
}
}, 0, 5 * MILLI_SEC); // delay
}
void stopTimer() {
carousalTimer.cancel();
}
现代安卓风格
//----------------------HANDLER-------------------------
private Handler taskHandler = new android.os.Handler();
private Runnable repeatativeTaskRunnable = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
//DO YOUR THINGS
}
};
void startHandler() {
taskHandler.postDelayed(repeatativeTaskRunnable, 5 * MILLI_SEC);
}
void stopHandler() {
taskHandler.removeCallbacks(repeatativeTaskRunnable);
}
具有活动/上下文的非泄漏处理程序
在 Activity/Fragment 类中声明一个不会泄漏内存的内部 Handler 类
/**
* Instances of static inner classes do not hold an implicit
* reference to their outer class.
*/
private static class NonLeakyHandler extends Handler {
private final WeakReference<FlashActivity> mActivity;
public NonLeakyHandler(FlashActivity activity) {
mActivity = new WeakReference<FlashActivity>(activity);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
FlashActivity activity = mActivity.get();
if (activity != null) {
// ...
}
}
}
声明一个可运行的,它将在您的 Activity/Fragment 类中执行您的重复任务
private Runnable repeatativeTaskRunnable = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
new Handler(getMainLooper()).post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//DO YOUR THINGS
}
};
在您的 Activity/Fragment 中初始化 Handler 对象(这里 FlashActivity 是我的活动类)
//Task Handler
private Handler taskHandler = new NonLeakyHandler(FlashActivity.this);
在固定时间间隔后重复任务
taskHandler.postDelayed(repeatativeTaskRunnable , DELAY_MILLIS);
停止重复任务
taskHandler .removeCallbacks(repeatativeTaskRunnable);
//update interval for widget
override val UPDATE_INTERVAL = 1000L
//Handler to repeat update
private val updateWidgetHandler = Handler()
//runnable to update widget
private var updateWidgetRunnable: Runnable = Runnable {
run {
//Update UI
updateWidget()
// Re-run it after the update interval
updateWidgetHandler.postDelayed(updateWidgetRunnable, UPDATE_INTERVAL)
}
}
// SATART updating in foreground
override fun onResume() {
super.onResume()
updateWidgetHandler.postDelayed(updateWidgetRunnable, UPDATE_INTERVAL)
}
// REMOVE callback if app in background
override fun onPause() {
super.onPause()
updateWidgetHandler.removeCallbacks(updateWidgetRunnable);
}
定时器工作正常。在这里,我使用 Timer 在 1.5 秒后搜索文本并更新 UI。希望有帮助。
private Timer _timer = new Timer();
_timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
// use runOnUiThread(Runnable action)
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
search();
}
});
}
}, timeInterval);
使用 kotlin 及其 Coroutine 非常简单,首先在你的类中声明一个工作(在你的 viewModel 中更好),如下所示:
private var repeatableJob: Job? = null
然后,当您要创建并启动它时,请执行以下操作:
repeatableJob = viewModelScope.launch {
while (isActive) {
delay(5_000)
loadAlbums(iImageAPI, titleHeader, true)
}
}
repeatableJob?.start()
如果你想完成它:
repeatableJob?.cancel()
PS:viewModelScope
仅在视图模型中可用,您可以使用其他 Coroutine 作用域如withContext(Dispatchers.IO)
更多信息:这里
runOnUiThread
计时器是另一种工作方式,但如果您正在使用 UI,请务必添加。
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.app.Activity;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
CheckBox optSingleShot;
Button btnStart, btnCancel;
TextView textCounter;
Timer timer;
MyTimerTask myTimerTask;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
optSingleShot = (CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.singleshot);
btnStart = (Button)findViewById(R.id.start);
btnCancel = (Button)findViewById(R.id.cancel);
textCounter = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.counter);
btnStart.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
if(timer != null){
timer.cancel();
}
//re-schedule timer here
//otherwise, IllegalStateException of
//"TimerTask is scheduled already"
//will be thrown
timer = new Timer();
myTimerTask = new MyTimerTask();
if(optSingleShot.isChecked()){
//singleshot delay 1000 ms
timer.schedule(myTimerTask, 1000);
}else{
//delay 1000ms, repeat in 5000ms
timer.schedule(myTimerTask, 1000, 5000);
}
}});
btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (timer!=null){
timer.cancel();
timer = null;
}
}
});
}
class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask {
@Override
public void run() {
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat =
new SimpleDateFormat("dd:MMMM:yyyy HH:mm:ss a");
final String strDate = simpleDateFormat.format(calendar.getTime());
runOnUiThread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
textCounter.setText(strDate);
}});
}
}
}
和 xml 是...
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:autoLink="web"
android:text="http://android-er.blogspot.com/"
android:textStyle="bold" />
<CheckBox
android:id="@+id/singleshot"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Single Shot"/>
另一种使用 CountDownTimer 的方法
new CountDownTimer(30000, 1000) {
public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
mTextField.setText("seconds remaining: " + millisUntilFinished / 1000);
}
public void onFinish() {
mTextField.setText("done!");
}
}.start();
将倒计时安排到未来的某个时间,并在此期间定期通知。在文本字段中显示 30 秒倒计时的示例:
试试下面的例子它的工作原理!
在 onCreate() 方法中使用 [Handler],该方法利用 postDelayed() 方法导致 Runnable 被添加到消息队列中,在给定示例中为 0 的指定时间量过后运行。1
请参阅此代码:
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//------------------
//------------------
android.os.Handler customHandler = new android.os.Handler();
customHandler.postDelayed(updateTimerThread, 0);
}
private Runnable updateTimerThread = new Runnable()
{
public void run()
{
//write here whaterver you want to repeat
customHandler.postDelayed(this, 1000);
}
};
就我而言,如果以下条件之一为真,我必须执行一个流程:如果前一个流程已完成或 5 秒已经过去。所以,我做了以下并且工作得很好:
private Runnable mStatusChecker;
private Handler mHandler;
class {
method() {
mStatusChecker = new Runnable() {
int times = 0;
@Override
public void run() {
if (times < 5) {
if (process1.isRead()) {
executeProcess2();
} else {
times++;
mHandler.postDelayed(mStatusChecker, 1000);
}
} else {
executeProcess2();
}
}
};
mHandler = new Handler();
startRepeatingTask();
}
void startRepeatingTask() {
mStatusChecker.run();
}
void stopRepeatingTask() {
mHandler.removeCallbacks(mStatusChecker);
}
}
如果 process1 被读取,则执行 process2。如果不是,则增加变量次数,并使 Handler 在一秒钟后执行。它保持一个循环,直到 process1 被读取或 times 为 5。当 times 为 5 时,表示经过了 5 秒,每秒执行 process1.isRead() 的 if 子句。
您可以使用 Handler 来发布可运行的代码。此处很好地概述了此技术:https ://guides.codepath.com/android/Repeating-Periodic-Tasks
基于上面关于ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor的帖子,我想出了一个适合我需要的实用程序(希望每 3 秒触发一次方法):
class MyActivity {
private ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor mDialogDaemon;
private void initDebugButtons() {
Button btnSpawnDialogs = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_spawn_dialogs);
btnSpawnDialogs.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
btnSpawnDialogs.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
spawnDialogs();
}
});
}
private void spawnDialogs() {
if (mDialogDaemon != null) {
mDialogDaemon.shutdown();
mDialogDaemon = null;
}
mDialogDaemon = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
// This process will execute immediately, then execute every 3 seconds.
mDialogDaemon.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// Do something worthwhile
}
});
}
}, 0L, 3000L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
}
对于使用 Kotlin 的人,inazaruk 的回答是行不通的,IDE 将要求初始化变量,因此我们将在单独的方法中使用它而不是使用postDelayed
内部。Runnable
像这样初始化你Runnable
:
private var myRunnable = Runnable {
//Do some work
//Magic happens here ↓
runDelayedHandler(1000) }
像这样初始化你的runDelayedHandler
方法:
private fun runDelayedHandler(timeToWait : Long) {
if (!keepRunning) {
//Stop your handler
handler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null)
//Do something here, this acts like onHandlerStop
}
else {
//Keep it running
handler.postDelayed(myRunnable, timeToWait)
}
}
如您所见,这种方法将使您能够控制任务的生命周期,在应用程序的生命周期内跟踪keepRunning
和更改它将为您完成这项工作。