python - 如何在 matplotlib 中添加垂直微分线（或残差）？

Question

我想添加垂直线，分别用红色和蓝色虚线来描绘y1_predict - y_true和的残差。y2_predict - y_true我更喜欢在当前图表的顶部添加线条，我可以编写的代码如下所示。如果需要从头开始绘制，请忽略我的代码。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = x_data
ys = [y_true,y1_predict,y2_predict]
labels = ['EMT', 'NN 1st round', 'NN 2nd round']
markers = ['o','s','D']
colors = ['k','r','b']
alphas = [1, 1, 1]
linestyles = ['None','None','None']
fillstyles = ['full','none','none']
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6), dpi=100, facecolor='w', edgecolor='k')
plt.xlabel("Structure", fontsize=12)
plt.ylabel("Relaxed energy per atom / eV", fontsize=12)
plt.title("NN vs. EMT (low energy region)")
for y, label, marker, color, alpha, linestyle, fillstyle in zip(ys, labels, markers, colors, alphas, linestyles, fillstyles):
    plt.plot(x,y, label=label, marker=marker, color=color, alpha=alpha, linestyle=linestyle, fillstyle=fillstyle)

plt.ylim([0.21, 0.25])
plt.legend(loc="lower left",prop={'size': 14})
plt.savefig('nn-emt.png')

Answer 1

只需将以下两行添加到您的代码中。这将在所有点绘制多条垂直线。由于您的问题问得不好，缺少可重现的代码，因此我无法自己进行测试。

plt.vlines(x, y1_predict, y_true, color='r')
plt.vlines(x, y2_predict, y_true, color='b')