javascript - 如何在站点“observablehq”上运行代码并获得所需的输出

Question

我是新的 d3.js。我正在尝试在此链接上运行代码（observablehq）。为了运行此代码，我将该代码放在 index.js 文件中。

d3 = require("d3@5")
height = 500
margin = ({top: 10, right: 10, bottom: 20, left: 40})
data = Object.assign(d3.csvParse(await FileAttachment("data.csv").text(), d3.autoType), {y: "Population"})
groupKey = data.columns[0]
keys = data.columns.slice(1)
x0 = d3.scaleBand()
    .domain(data.map(d => d[groupKey]))
    .rangeRound([margin.left, width - margin.right])
    .paddingInner(0.1)
x1 = d3.scaleBand()
    .domain(keys)
    .rangeRound([0, x0.bandwidth()])
    .padding(0.05)
y = d3.scaleLinear()
    .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d3.max(keys, key => d[key]))]).nice()
    .rangeRound([height - margin.bottom, margin.top])
color = d3.scaleOrdinal()
    .range(["#98abc5", "#8a89a6", "#7b6888", "#6b486b", "#a05d56", "#d0743c", "#ff8c00"])
xAxis = g => g
    .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height - margin.bottom})`)
    .call(d3.axisBottom(x0).tickSizeOuter(0))
    .call(g => g.select(".domain").remove())
yAxis = g => g
    .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},0)`)
    .call(d3.axisLeft(y).ticks(null, "s"))
    .call(g => g.select(".domain").remove())
    .call(g => g.select(".tick:last-of-type text").clone()
        .attr("x", 3)
        .attr("text-anchor", "start")
        .attr("font-weight", "bold")
        .text(data.y))
legend = svg => {
  const g = svg
      .attr("transform", `translate(${width},0)`)
      .attr("text-anchor", "end")
      .attr("font-family", "sans-serif")
      .attr("font-size", 10)
    .selectAll("g")
    .data(color.domain().slice().reverse())
    .join("g")
      .attr("transform", (d, i) => `translate(0,${i * 20})`);

  g.append("rect")
      .attr("x", -19)
      .attr("width", 19)
      .attr("height", 19)
      .attr("fill", color);

  g.append("text")
      .attr("x", -24)
      .attr("y", 9.5)
      .attr("dy", "0.35em")
      .text(d => d);
}
chart = {
    const svg = d3.select(DOM.svg(width, height));

    svg.append("g")
        .selectAll("g")
        .data(data)
        .join("g")
        .attr("transform", d => `translate(${x0(d[groupKey])},0)`)
        .selectAll("rect")
        .data(d => keys.map(key => ({key, value: d[key]})))
        .join("rect")
        .attr("x", d => x1(d.key))
        .attr("y", d => y(d.value))
        .attr("width", x1.bandwidth())
        .attr("height", d => y(0) - y(d.value))
        .attr("fill", d => color(d.key));

    svg.append("g")
        .call(xAxis);

    svg.append("g")
        .call(yAxis);

    svg.append("g")
        .call(legend);

    return svg.node();
}

之后我从 html 脚本调用 index.js 文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Visualization 2 (Multiline graph)</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/d3@5.6.0/dist/d3.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<svg width="960" height="500"></svg>
<script src="index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

我从数组创建了 data.csv 文件

State,Under 5 Years,5 to 13 Years,14 to 17 Years,18 to 24 Years,25 to 44 Years,45 to 64 Years,65 Years and Over
CA,2704659,4499890,2159981,3853788,10604510,8819342,4114496
TX,2027307,3277946,1420518,2454721,7017731,5656528,2472223
NY,1208495,2141490,1058031,1999120,5355235,5120254,2607672
FL,1140516,1938695, 925060,1607297,4782119,4746856,3187797
IL,894368,1558919,725973,1311479,3596343,3239173,1575308
PA,737462,1345341,679201,1203944,3157759,3414001,1910571

此代码未提供 vizhub 中此图所需的输出。如何获得所需的输出。这是代码的vizhub链接

更新： 代码在 vizhub 中给了我以下错误

SyntaxError: Unexpected keyword 'const' (57:4)
/index.js (line 57)
53 :       .attr("dy", "0.35em")
54 :       .text(d => d);
55 : }
56 : chart = {
57 :     const svg = d3.select(DOM.svg(width, height));
         ^

score 1 · Accepted Answer

首先要注意的是，在observablehq上运行的 javascript是一种不同风格的 js。它需要一个特殊的库运行时才能在您的浏览器上运行。因此，如果您将代码复制并粘贴到 .js .html 文件中，它将无法立即工作。

Observable 不是 Javascript

如果您正在学习 d3 并喜欢 Observable 环境，您可以使用运行时轻松下载/嵌入您的代码到页面上。

下载和嵌入笔记本

例如，从 observable 获取 notebook 代码，从 jsdelivr 获取运行时。请记住，您可以下载源代码并从您自己的服务器上托管它。下面的代码呈现 cell chart，运行时确保所有其他相关的单元格按顺序执行。

<div id="observablehq-758e3cb7"></div>
<script type="module">
import {Runtime, Inspector} from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@observablehq/runtime@4/dist/runtime.js";
import define from "https://api.observablehq.com/@d3/grouped-bar-chart.js?v=3";
const inspect = Inspector.into("#observablehq-758e3cb7");
(new Runtime).module(define, name => name === "chart" ? inspect() : undefined);
</script>

使用相同的方法但公开笔记本源代码，在这里您可以看到您的代码是如何在函数内部抽象的，export default function notebook(runtime, observer)然后运行时负责运行它，最后两行

    const runtime = new Runtime();
    const main = runtime.module(notebook, Inspector.into(document.body));

<script type="module">

import {Runtime, Inspector} from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@observablehq/runtime@4/dist/runtime.js";

// https://observablehq.com/@d3/grouped-bar-chart@81
export default function notebook(runtime, observer) {
  const main = runtime.module();
  const fileAttachments = new Map([["data.csv","https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/72eda648679b19ee477d3b70a598c977219672ab0c809bd42a0e15fb322894dc78dead25bd50ad1613de459d161dc6278b3add8d5f251547b393b10c4cf00a05"]]);
  main.builtin("FileAttachment", runtime.fileAttachments(name => fileAttachments.get(name)));
  main.variable(observer()).define(["md"], function(md){return(
md`# Grouped Bar Chart`
)});
  main.variable(observer("chart")).define("chart", ["d3","DOM","width","height","data","x0","groupKey","keys","x1","y","color","xAxis","yAxis","legend"], function(d3,DOM,width,height,data,x0,groupKey,keys,x1,y,color,xAxis,yAxis,legend)
{
  const svg = d3.select(DOM.svg(width, height));

  svg.append("g")
    .selectAll("g")
    .data(data)
    .join("g")
      .attr("transform", d => `translate(${x0(d[groupKey])},0)`)
    .selectAll("rect")
    .data(d => keys.map(key => ({key, value: d[key]})))
    .join("rect")
      .attr("x", d => x1(d.key))
      .attr("y", d => y(d.value))
      .attr("width", x1.bandwidth())
      .attr("height", d => y(0) - y(d.value))
      .attr("fill", d => color(d.key));

  svg.append("g")
      .call(xAxis);

  svg.append("g")
      .call(yAxis);

  svg.append("g")
      .call(legend);

  return svg.node();
}
);
  main.variable(observer("legend")).define("legend", ["width","color"], function(width,color){return(
svg => {
  const g = svg
      .attr("transform", `translate(${width},0)`)
      .attr("text-anchor", "end")
      .attr("font-family", "sans-serif")
      .attr("font-size", 10)
    .selectAll("g")
    .data(color.domain().slice().reverse())
    .join("g")
      .attr("transform", (d, i) => `translate(0,${i * 20})`);

  g.append("rect")
      .attr("x", -19)
      .attr("width", 19)
      .attr("height", 19)
      .attr("fill", color);

  g.append("text")
      .attr("x", -24)
      .attr("y", 9.5)
      .attr("dy", "0.35em")
      .text(d => d);
}
)});
  main.variable(observer("x0")).define("x0", ["d3","data","groupKey","margin","width"], function(d3,data,groupKey,margin,width){return(
d3.scaleBand()
    .domain(data.map(d => d[groupKey]))
    .rangeRound([margin.left, width - margin.right])
    .paddingInner(0.1)
)});
  main.variable(observer("x1")).define("x1", ["d3","keys","x0"], function(d3,keys,x0){return(
d3.scaleBand()
    .domain(keys)
    .rangeRound([0, x0.bandwidth()])
    .padding(0.05)
)});
  main.variable(observer("y")).define("y", ["d3","data","keys","height","margin"], function(d3,data,keys,height,margin){return(
d3.scaleLinear()
    .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d3.max(keys, key => d[key]))]).nice()
    .rangeRound([height - margin.bottom, margin.top])
)});
  main.variable(observer("color")).define("color", ["d3"], function(d3){return(
d3.scaleOrdinal()
    .range(["#98abc5", "#8a89a6", "#7b6888", "#6b486b", "#a05d56", "#d0743c", "#ff8c00"])
)});
  main.variable(observer("xAxis")).define("xAxis", ["height","margin","d3","x0"], function(height,margin,d3,x0){return(
g => g
    .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height - margin.bottom})`)
    .call(d3.axisBottom(x0).tickSizeOuter(0))
    .call(g => g.select(".domain").remove())
)});
  main.variable(observer("yAxis")).define("yAxis", ["margin","d3","y","data"], function(margin,d3,y,data){return(
g => g
    .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},0)`)
    .call(d3.axisLeft(y).ticks(null, "s"))
    .call(g => g.select(".domain").remove())
    .call(g => g.select(".tick:last-of-type text").clone()
        .attr("x", 3)
        .attr("text-anchor", "start")
        .attr("font-weight", "bold")
        .text(data.y))
)});
  main.variable(observer("data")).define("data", ["d3","FileAttachment"], async function(d3,FileAttachment){return(
Object.assign(d3.csvParse(await FileAttachment("data.csv").text(), d3.autoType), {y: "Population"})
)});
  main.variable(observer("groupKey")).define("groupKey", ["data"], function(data){return(
data.columns[0]
)});
  main.variable(observer("keys")).define("keys", ["data"], function(data){return(
data.columns.slice(1)
)});
  main.variable(observer("margin")).define("margin", function(){return(
{top: 10, right: 10, bottom: 20, left: 40}
)});
  main.variable(observer("height")).define("height", function(){return(
500
)});
  main.variable(observer("d3")).define("d3", ["require"], function(require){return(
require("d3@5")
)});
  return main;
}

const runtime = new Runtime();
const main = runtime.module(notebook, Inspector.into(document.body));

</script>

现在，如果您想手动将 Observable 上运行的代码转换为 vanilla js，那么您可能需要查看其他参考资料，

如何运行 D3 示例

我的 wordpress 网站上来自 Observable 的 D3 示例

可观察到 vanillajs

javascript - 如何在站点“observablehq”上运行代码并获得所需的输出

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