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我有一个基于 ARM 的无头 Linux (v3.10.53-1.1.1) 系统,没有启用交换空间,即使有足够的 RAM 可用,我偶尔也会看到进程被 OOM-killer 杀死。

定期运行echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory似乎可以阻止 OOM 杀手,这让我认为内存碎片是罪魁祸首,但我不明白为什么用户进程无论如何都需要物理上连续的块;据我了解,即使在最坏的情况下(完全碎片化,只有单个 4K 块可用),内核也可以简单地分配必要数量的单个 4K 块,然后使用虚拟内存的魔力(tm)来制作它们看起来与用户进程连续。

有人可以解释为什么会调用OOM-killer来响应内存碎片吗?它只是一个错误的内核还是有真正的原因?(即使内核确实需要对内存进行碎片整理以满足请求,它不应该自动这样做而不是放弃和OOM'ing?)

我在下面粘贴了一个示例 OOM-killer 调用,以防它对事情有所启发。我可以随意重现故障;此调用发生在计算机仍有约 120MB 可用 RAM 的情况下(根据free),以响应我的测试程序分配内存,一次分配 10000 个 400 字节。

May 28 18:51:34 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.307769] cored invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x2084d0, order=0, oom_score_adj=0
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.315295] CPU: 2 PID: 19687 Comm: cored Tainted: G           O 3.10.53-1.1.1_ga+gf57416a #1
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.323843] Backtrace:
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.326340] [<c0011c54>] (dump_backtrace+0x0/0x10c) from [<c0011e68>] (show_stack+0x18/0x1c)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.334804]  r6:00000000 r5:00000000 r4:c9784000 r3:00000000
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.340566] [<c0011e50>] (show_stack+0x0/0x1c) from [<c04d0dd8>] (dump_stack+0x24/0x28)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.348684] [<c04d0db4>] (dump_stack+0x0/0x28) from [<c009b474>] (dump_header.isra.10+0x84/0x19c)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.357616] [<c009b3f0>] (dump_header.isra.10+0x0/0x19c) from [<c009ba3c>] (oom_kill_process+0x288/0x3f4)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.367230] [<c009b7b4>] (oom_kill_process+0x0/0x3f4) from [<c009bf8c>] (out_of_memory+0x208/0x2cc)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.376323] [<c009bd84>] (out_of_memory+0x0/0x2cc) from [<c00a0278>] (__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x8f8/0x910)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.385921] [<c009f980>] (__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x0/0x910) from [<c00b6c34>] (__pte_alloc+0x2c/0x158)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.395263] [<c00b6c08>] (__pte_alloc+0x0/0x158) from [<c00b9fe0>] (handle_mm_fault+0xd4/0xfc)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.403914]  r6:c981a5d8 r5:cc421a40 r4:10400000 r3:10400000
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.409689] [<c00b9f0c>] (handle_mm_fault+0x0/0xfc) from [<c0019a00>] (do_page_fault+0x174/0x3dc)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.418575] [<c001988c>] (do_page_fault+0x0/0x3dc) from [<c0019dc0>] (do_translation_fault+0xb4/0xb8)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.427824] [<c0019d0c>] (do_translation_fault+0x0/0xb8) from [<c00083ac>] (do_DataAbort+0x40/0xa0)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.436896]  r6:c0019d0c r5:00000805 r4:c06a33d0 r3:103ffea8
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.442643] [<c000836c>] (do_DataAbort+0x0/0xa0) from [<c000e138>] (__dabt_usr+0x38/0x40)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.450850] Exception stack(0xc9785fb0 to 0xc9785ff8)
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.455918] 5fa0:                                     103ffea8 00000000 b6d56708 00000199
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.464116] 5fc0: 00000001 b6d557c0 0001ffc8 b6d557f0 103ffea0 b6d55228 10400038 00000064
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.472327] 5fe0: 0001ffc9 beb04990 00000199 b6c95d84 600f0010 ffffffff
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.478952]  r8:103ffea0 r7:b6d557f0 r6:ffffffff r5:600f0010 r4:b6c95d84
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.485759] Mem-info:
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.488038] DMA per-cpu:
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.490589] CPU    0: hi:   90, btch:  15 usd:   5
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.495389] CPU    1: hi:   90, btch:  15 usd:  13
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.500205] CPU    2: hi:   90, btch:  15 usd:  17
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.505003] CPU    3: hi:   90, btch:  15 usd:  65
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.509823] active_anon:92679 inactive_anon:47 isolated_anon:0
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.509823]  active_file:162 inactive_file:1436 isolated_file:0
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.509823]  unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:0 unstable:0
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.509823]  free:28999 slab_reclaimable:841 slab_unreclaimable:2103
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.509823]  mapped:343 shmem:89 pagetables:573 bounce:0
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.509823]  free_cma:29019
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.541416] DMA free:115636kB min:1996kB low:2492kB high:2992kB active_anon:370716kB inactive_anon:188kB active_file:752kB inactive_file:6040kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:524288kB managed:2
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.583833] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.587577] DMA: 2335*4kB (UMC) 1266*8kB (UMC) 1034*16kB (UMC) 835*32kB (UC) 444*64kB (C) 28*128kB (C) 103*256kB (C) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB 0*8192kB 0*16384kB 0*32768kB = 121100kB
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.604979] 502 total pagecache pages
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.608649] 0 pages in swap cache
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.611979] Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.617210] Free swap  = 0kB
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.620110] Total swap = 0kB
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.635245] 131072 pages of RAM
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.638394] 30575 free pages
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.641293] 3081 reserved pages
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.644437] 1708 slab pages
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.647239] 265328 pages shared
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.warn kernel: [ 4228.650399] 0 pages swap cached
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.653546] [ pid ]   uid  tgid total_vm      rss nr_ptes swapents oom_score_adj name
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.661408] [  115]     0   115      761      128       5        0         -1000 udevd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.669347] [  237]     0   237      731       98       5        0         -1000 udevd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.677278] [  238]     0   238      731      100       5        0         -1000 udevd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.685224] [  581]     0   581     1134       78       5        0         -1000 sshd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.693074] [  592]     0   592      662       15       4        0             0 syslogd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.701184] [  595]     0   595      662       19       4        0             0 klogd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.709113] [  633]     0   633     6413      212      12        0             0 g2d
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.716877] [  641]     0   641      663       16       3        0             0 getty
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.724827] [  642]     0   642      663       16       5        0             0 getty
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.732770] [  646]     0   646     6413      215      12        0             0 g2d
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.740540] [  650]     0   650    10791      572      10        0             0 avbd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.748385] [  651]     0   651     9432     2365      21        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.756322] [  652]     0   652    52971     4547      42        0             0 g2d
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.764104] [  712]     0   712    14135     2458      24        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.772053] [  746]     0   746     1380      248       6        0             0 dhclient
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.780251] [  779]     0   779     9419     2383      21        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.788187] [  780]     0   780     9350     2348      21        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.796127] [  781]     0   781     9349     2347      21        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.804074] [  782]     0   782     9353     2354      21        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.812012] [  783]     0   783    18807     2573      27        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.819955] [  784]     0   784    17103     3233      28        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.827882] [  785]     0   785    13990     2436      24        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.835819] [  786]     0   786     9349     2350      21        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.843764] [  807]     0   807    13255     4125      25        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.851702] [ 1492]   999  1492      512       27       5        0             0 avahi-autoipd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.860334] [ 1493]     0  1493      433       14       5        0             0 avahi-autoipd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.868955] [ 1494]     0  1494     1380      246       7        0             0 dhclient
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.877163] [19170]     0 19170     1175      131       6        0             0 sshd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.885022] [19183]     0 19183      750       70       4        0             0 sh
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.892701] [19228]     0 19228      663       16       5        0             0 watch
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.900636] [19301]     0 19301     1175      131       5        0             0 sshd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.908475] [19315]     0 19315      751       69       5        0             0 sh
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.916154] [19365]     0 19365      663       16       5        0             0 watch
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.924099] [19443]     0 19443     1175      153       5        0             0 sshd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.931948] [19449]     0 19449      750       70       5        0             0 sh
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.939626] [19487]     0 19487     1175      132       5        0             0 sshd
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.947467] [19500]     0 19500      750       70       3        0             0 sh
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.955148] [19540]     0 19540      662       17       5        0             0 tail
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.info kernel: [ 4228.963002] [19687]     0 19687    63719    56396     127        0             0 cored
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.err kernel: [ 4228.970936] Out of memory: Kill process 19687 (cored) score 428 or sacrifice child
May 28 18:51:35 g2 user.err kernel: [ 4228.978513] Killed process 19687 (cored) total-vm:254876kB, anon-rss:225560kB, file-rss:24kB

这也是我用来给系统施加压力并调用 OOM-killer 的测试程序(echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory命令经常运行,当free报告系统 RAM 接近于零时,OOM-killer 会出现,如预期的那样;没有它,OOM -killer 早在此之前就出现了,当free报告 130+MB 的 RAM 可用但之后cat /proc/buddyinfo显示 RAM 变得碎片化):

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
  while(1)
  {
     printf("PRESS RETURN TO ALLOCATE BUFFERS\n");
     const int numBytes = 400;
     char buf[64]; fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin);
     for (int i=0; i<10000; i++)
     {
        void * ptr = malloc(numBytes); // yes, a deliberate memory leak
        if (ptr)
        {
           memset(ptr, 'J', numBytes);  // force the virtual memory system to actually allocate the RAM, and not only the address space
        }
        else printf("malloc() failed!\n");
     }
     fprintf(stderr, "Deliberately leaked 10000*%i bytes!\n", numBytes);
  }
  return 0;
}
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1 回答 1

3

你在正确的轨道上,杰里米。同样的事情发生在我的 CentOS 桌面系统上。我是一名计算机顾问,自 1995 年以来我一直在使用 Linux。我无情地冲击着我的 Linux 系统,下载了许多文件和各种其他活动,使它们达到了极限。在我的主桌面运行了大约 4 天后,它变得非常慢(比如比正常速度慢 1/10),OOM 被杀死,我坐在那里想知道为什么我的系统会这样。它有足够的 RAM,但是当它没有业务时,OOM 杀手正在踢。所以我重新启动它,它运行良好......大约 4 天,然后问题又回来了。不知道为什么,把我的鼻涕弄出来了。

所以我戴上测试工程师的帽子,在机器上进行了各种压力测试,看看我是否可以故意重现这些症状。几个月后,我能够随意重现问题,并证明我的解决方案每次都能奏效。

在这种情况下,“缓存周转”是指系统必须拆除现有缓存以创建更多缓存空间以支持新文件写入。由于系统急于重新部署 RAM,因此不需要花时间对正在释放的内存进行碎片整理。所以随着时间的推移,随着越来越多的文件写入发生,缓存会反复翻转。而它所在的记忆也越来越碎片化。在我的测试中,我发现在磁盘缓存翻了大约 15 次后,内存变得如此碎片化,以至于系统无法拆除,然后足够快地分配内存,以防止 OOM 杀手因缺乏可用 RAM 而被触发当内存需求出现峰值时,系统中的 这样的峰值可能是由执行简单的事情引起的

find /dev /etc /home /opt /tmp /usr -xdev > /dev/null

在我的系统上,该命令需要大约 50MB 的新缓存。那是什么

free -mt 

无论如何,节目。

此问题的解决方案涉及扩展您已经发现的内容。

/bin/echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
export CONFIG_COMPACTION=1
echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory

是的,我完全同意删除缓存会迫使您的系统从磁盘重新读取一些数据。但是以每天一次甚至每小时一次的速度,删除缓存的负面影响与您的系统正在执行的其他所有操作相比绝对可以忽略不计,无论那可能是什么。负面影响是如此之小,以至于我什至无法测量它,我作为测试工程师谋生了 5 年多,一直在弄清楚如何测量这样的东西。

如果您设置一个 cron 作业每天执行一次,那应该可以消除您的 OOM 杀手问题。如果在那之后您仍然看到 OOM 杀手出现问题,请考虑更频繁地执行它们。它会根据您执行的文件写入量与您的设备拥有的系统 RAM 量而有所不同。

于 2020-09-03T21:24:41.787 回答