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编辑：我的操作系统是 10.15.4，R 是 4.0.0，Xcode 是 11.4.1

我试图安装一个归档包“OC”（最优分类）。我首先从这里(oc_1.01.tar.gz)下载了文件并将其存储在我的桌面上。我试图通过install.packages("oc_1.01.tar.gz", repo=NULL, type="source") or安装install_version("oc", version = "1.01", repos = "https://cran.r-project.org/")它，但它总是失败并出现以下警告：

ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin18/8.2.0'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin18/8.2.0'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib'
ld: library not found for -lgfortran
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [oc.so] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘oc’
* removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/library/oc’
Error: Failed to install 'unknown package' from URL:
  (converted from warning) installation of package ‘/var/folders/yv/gzy_ljk971d4jnlntnfvht_40000gn/T//Rtmpr8pJmf/remotes1e1745dfa9dc/oc’ had non-zero exit status

我尝试了几种类似的解决方案，通过Homebrew 下载 gcc 或 gcc@8 并对文件进行了更改Makeconf。但是，只要我进行了更改（即使我恢复了原始代码），安装仍然会失败并返回警告：

R clang: error: no such file or directory: 'SHLIB_LIBADD'
R clang: error: no such file or directory: '='

如果我更改了CC, CXX（包括所有CXX相关的，例如CXX17）和FLIBSto gcc-8or gcc-9，则返回的警告变为：

R gcc-8: error: no such file or directory: 'SHLIB_LIBADD'
R gcc-8: error: no such file or directory: '='

我很感激任何帮助。

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