database - 数据库、数据集市、数据仓库、数据湖

Question

寻找高层之间的差异/比较

• 数据库
• 数据集市（自上而下的方法）
• 数据仓库
• 数据湖

当没有具体情况时，请使用相对比较。

Answer 1

以下是所提到的各种数据层之间的高级比较。如果其中任何一个需要更正，请随时发表评论。

注意：执行HTML查看结果

  #dataTierComparison {
  font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  width: 100%;
}

#dataTierComparison td,
#dataTierComparison th {
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  padding: 8px;
}

#dataTierComparison tr:nth-child(even) {
  background-color: #f2f2f2;
}

#dataTierComparison tr:hover {
  background-color: #ddd;
}

#dataTierComparison th {
  padding-top: 12px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  text-align: left;
  background-color: #4CAF50;
  color: white;

<table id="dataTierComparison">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th> </th>
      <th>Database</th>
      <th>Data Mart (Top-down)</th>
      <th>Data Warehouse</th>
      <th>Data Lake</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Source</th>
      <td>Single</td>
      <td>Single</td>
      <td>Multiple</td>
      <td>Multiple</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Structure</th>
      <td>Structured</td>
      <td>Structured</td>
      <td>Structured</td>
      <td>Raw</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Purpose</th>
      <td>Determined</td>
      <td>Determined</td>
      <td>Determined</td>
      <td>Undertermined</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Storage</th>
      <td>Centralized</td>
      <td>Decentralized</td>
      <td>Centralized</td>
      <td>Centralized</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Data Format</th>
      <td>Detailed</td>
      <td>Summarized</td>
      <td>Detailed</td>
      <td>All</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Flexibility</th>
      <td>Low</td>
      <td>Medium</td>
      <td>Medium</td>
      <td>High</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Primary Use</th>
      <td>Transactional</td>
      <td>Reporting</td>
      <td>Analytics &amp; Reporting</td>
      <td>Analytics</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Cost</th>
      <td>Low</td>
      <td>Medium</td>
      <td>Medium</td>
      <td>High</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Data Volume</th>
      <td>Low</td>
      <td>Low</td>
      <td>Medium</td>
      <td>High</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Development</th>
      <td>Top-down</td>
      <td>Bottom-up</td>
      <td>Top-down</td>
      <td>All</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Design Time</th>
      <td>Medium</td>
      <td>Medium</td>
      <td>High</td>
      <td>Low</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Volatility</th>
      <td>Medium</td>
      <td>Low</td>
      <td>None</td>
      <td>None</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Data Operations</th>
      <td>CRUD</td>
      <td>CR</td>
      <td>CRU</td>
      <td>CR</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Subject Area</th>
      <td>Single</td>
      <td>Single</td>
      <td>Multiple</td>
      <td>Multiple</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>Design Schema</th>
      <td>Relational</td>
      <td>Multi-dimensional</td>
      <td>Relational</td>
      <td>No Schema</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>