我在 Mac OS X 10.5 上安装了 ActivePython 2.7。这样做的主要原因是使用包管理器 pypm。但是,在安装 ActivePython 并设置我的 .bash_profile 文件以使用该版本的 Python 之后,我在 pypm 安装的库中遇到了很多问题。要安装所有这些模块,我只需键入
pypm install <package-name>
这就是我获得 matplotlib、PyQt4、PIL 等的方式。问题是所有这些似乎都可以毫无问题地安装,它们将正确的 .pth 和 .so 文件放入正确的站点包文件夹中,并且基本导入工作美好的。但我收到以下错误。
首先,这是我在机器上检查 Python 时看到的内容:
new-host:site-packages ely$ which python
/usr/local/bin/python
new-host:site-packages ely$ ls -l /usr/local/bin/python
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 60 May 25 22:15 /usr/local/bin/python -> /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python
接下来,我调用 Python 并尝试导入内容。
new-host:site-packages ely$ python
ActivePython 2.7.1.4 (ActiveState Software Inc.) based on
Python 2.7.1 (r271:86832, Feb 7 2011, 11:33:10)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5664)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import PyQt4
>>> from PyQt4 import QtGui
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: dlopen(PyQt4/QtGui.so, 2): Library not loaded: QtGui.framework/Versions/4/QtGui
Referenced from: /Users/ely/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/PyQt4/QtGui.so
Reason: image not found
所以上面显示 PyQt4 导入没有任何抱怨,但是当我尝试使用任何子模块时,我得到“找不到图像”错误。再举一个例子,这里是标准的 matplotlib。
>>> import matplotlib
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 23, in <module>
from matplotlib.figure import Figure, figaspect
File "matplotlib/figure.py", line 16, in <module>
import artist
File "matplotlib/artist.py", line 6, in <module>
from transforms import Bbox, IdentityTransform, TransformedBbox, TransformedPath
File "matplotlib/transforms.py", line 34, in <module>
from matplotlib._path import affine_transform
ImportError: dlopen(matplotlib/_path.so, 2): Symbol not found: __ZSt16__ostream_insertIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_PKS3_l
Referenced from: /Users/ely/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/matplotlib/_path.so
Expected in: dynamic lookup
>>> from matplotlib import pyplot
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 23, in <module>
from matplotlib.figure import Figure, figaspect
File "matplotlib/figure.py", line 16, in <module>
import artist
File "matplotlib/artist.py", line 6, in <module>
from transforms import Bbox, IdentityTransform, TransformedBbox, TransformedPath
File "matplotlib/transforms.py", line 34, in <module>
from matplotlib._path import affine_transform
ImportError: dlopen(matplotlib/_path.so, 2): Symbol not found: __ZSt16__ostream_insertIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_PKS3_l
Referenced from: /Users/ely/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/matplotlib/_path.so
Expected in: dynamic lookup
关于为什么 pypm 安装的版本如此成问题的任何想法?我在我的 Ubuntu 工作计算机上使用 ActivePython 和 pypm 已经很长时间了,从来没有遇到过这些问题。我用 pypm 安装的所有东西都运行良好。为什么在 Mac 上如此不同?